Plant Biology

Question 1

Botany

Answer 1

the study of plants and “plant-like” organisms

Question 2

Autotrophic

Answer 2

Self-Feeding

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

Plants make food from light

Question 4

Heterotrophic

Answer 4

“Other-feeding”

Question 5

Theophrastus

Answer 5

Father of Botany

Question 6

Theophrastus’ 3 Organs

Answer 6

Stem, Leaf, Root

Question 7

Theophrastus’ 4 Growth Forms

Answer 7

Tree, Shrub, Herb, Vine

Question 8

Dioscorides

Answer 8

Wrote Materia Medica - medicinal use of plants

Question 9

Doctrine of Signatures

Answer 9

Plants that look like b body parts are good for that body part

Question 10

Linnaeus

Answer 10

originated the use of binomial nomenclature (2-part name)

Question 11

3 Domains

Answer 11

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Question 12

4 Kingdoms of Eukarya

Answer 12

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Question 13

Cell Theory

Answer 13

Organisms are built of cells; cells come from preexisting cells

Question 14

Cytoplasm composition

Answer 14

membranes, organelles, cytoplasmic ground substance

Question 15

Protoplast

Answer 15

living part of the cell; cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 16

Plasma Membrane

Answer 16

Outer boundary of protoplast; control what moves in & out

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

“control center” containing DNA (genes)

Question 18

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 18

Outer membrane of the nucleus

Question 19

Chromatin

Answer 19

DNA and proteins in nucleus

Question 20

Chromosomes

Answer 20

form of chromatin during cell division

Question 21

nucleolus

Answer 21

round structure inside nucleus; makes ribosomes

Question 22

vacuole

Answer 22

fluid-filled sac
largest structure in the cell
waste repository
structure
growth
pigmentation of some cells

Question 23

tonoplast

Answer 23

the membrane of the vacuole

Question 24

ribosomes

Answer 24

site of protein synthesis

Question 25

ER

Answer 25

conduit for the movement of materials; reaction surface; ribosome attachment

Question 26

Golgi body

Answer 26

"packaging center"

Question 27

vesicle

Answer 27

small balloon-like package of material

Question 28

plastids

Answer 28

complex organelles found in plants (& algae)

Question 29

chloroplast

Answer 29

contains chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis

Question 30

chromoplast

Answer 30

contains other pigments doesn't carry out photosynthesis

Question 31

leucoplast

Answer 31

lacks pigments; used for food storage

Question 32

mitochondrion

Answer 32

"powerhouse of the cell"

Question 33

microtubules

Answer 33

tiny, hollow fibers of protein

Question 34

flagella & cilia

Answer 34

tiny hair-like structures some cell have for locomotion

Question 35

spindle fibers

Answer 35

form during cell division (used in Anaphase)

Question 36

Cellulose

Answer 36

polymer of glucose

Question 37

Polymer

Answer 37

large, chain-like molecule made of repeating subunits (monomers)

Question 38

Matrix of a cell wall (between cellulose fibers)

Answer 38

``` hemicellulose pectin waxes lignin proteins ```

Question 39

lignin

Answer 39

hard, rigid material

Question 40

middle lamella

Answer 40

glue holding plant cells together

Question 41

plasmodesmata

Answer 41

cytoplasmic channels going between plant cells

Question 42

Endosymbiont Theory

Answer 42

origin of complex organelles - chloroplast and mitochondrion