PLANT CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

Question 1

All cells, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic, are
made of a substance called

Answer 1

PROTOPLASM

Question 2

The protoplasm of a single cell is called

Answer 2

protoplast.

Question 3

It carries out all the procedures essential for life.

Answer 3

PROTOPLASM

Question 4

FUNCTION OF PROTOPLASM

Answer 4

It produces nutrients and oxygen, transform food
into living matter, ejects used substances, renews
its worn parts, and itself produces new cells

Question 5

is the membrane that completely covers the
surface of the protoplasm.

Answer 5

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 6

Impermeable to harmful materials and
permeable to beneficial ones; therefore it is
selectively permeable.

Answer 6

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 7

serves as an archive, or permanent
storage place, for the organism’s
genetic information

Answer 7

NUCLEUS

Question 8

NUCLEUS COMPONENT:

Answer 8

• Nuclear envelope
• Nuclear pores
• Nucleoplasm
• Nucleoli

Question 9

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is always
surrounded by a

Answer 9

nuclear envelope

Question 10

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is always
surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed
of an

Answer 10

outer membrane and an inner
membrane.

Question 11

separates nuclear
material from the rest of the cell

Answer 11

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Question 12

The nuclear envelope separates nuclear
material from the rest of the cell, and it
contains numerous small holes,

Answer 12

NUCLEAR PORES

Question 13

involved in the transport of material between
the nucleus and the rest of the protoplasm.

Answer 13

NUCLEAR PORES

Question 14

COMPONENT OF NUCLEOPLASM:

Answer 14

(1) DNA
(2) enzymes and other factors necessary to maintain,
repair, and read DNA
(3) histone proteins that support and interact with
DNA;
(4) several types of RNA
(5) water and numerous other substances that are
necessary for nuclear metabolism.

Question 15

Inside every nucleus is one, two, or rarely
several bodies called

Answer 15

NUCLEOLI

Question 16

the components of ribosomes are synthesized
and partially assembled.

Answer 16

NUCLEOLI

Question 17

cell’s protein-producing structures

Answer 17

NUCLEOLI

Question 18

They store mostly water and salts that cannot
be preserved for microscopy;

Answer 18

VACUOLE

Question 19

Sometimes contain visible crystals, starch,
protein bodies, and various types of granules
or fibrous materials in addition to water and
salts.

Answer 19

VACUOLE

Question 20

VACUOLE FUNCTION:

Answer 20

storage of both nutrient reserves and waste products

Question 21

It is the semi-fluid substance of a cell that is present
within the cellular membrane and surrounds the
nuclear membrane.

Answer 21

CYTOPLASM

Question 22

The nonnuclear content of the protoplasm

Answer 22

CYTOPLASM

Question 23

All the
cellular contents in a prokaryote organisms are
contained within cell’s

Answer 23

CYTOPLASM

Question 24

In ________ organisms, the nucleus of the cell is
separated from the cytoplasm.

Answer 24

eukaryote

Question 25

* It provides mechanical support to the internal structures. * It is the medium for suspension for the internal organelles of the cell. * It maintains the shape and consistency of the cell. * It also stores many chemicals that are vital for life. * Important metabolic reactions like the glycolysis and synthesis of proteins takes place in the cytoplasm.

Answer 25

CYTOPLASM

Question 26

takes place where there is movements of the cytoplasm around the vacuoles.

Answer 26

cytoplasmic streaming

Question 27

is a rod-shaped organelle that is functions as the cells’ power generator that converts oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate or ATP.

Answer 27

MITOCHONDRION

Question 28

is a molecule that can be easily used by the plants as a source of chemical energy.

Answer 28

ATP

Question 29

Main sources of energy for each cell

Answer 29

MITOCHONDRION

Question 30

The process for converting raw nutrient materials into usable energy is known as

Answer 30

cellular respiration

Question 31

* large sheets of folding that provides room for large numbers of enzymes.

Answer 31

Cristae

Question 32

It gives shape and a little rigidity to the mitochondrion it is rather freely permeable

Answer 32

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 33

forms the cristae, and is selectively permeable and has numerous pumps and channels.

Answer 33

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 34

are group of dynamic organelles able to perform many functions.

Answer 34

PLASTIDS

Question 35

PLASTIDS TYPES:

Answer 35

* Proplastids * Chloropasts * Amyloplasts * Chromoplasts * Leucoplasts * Etioplasts

Question 36

small and undifferentiated plastids, are plastids of young, rapidly dividing cells.

Answer 36

Proplastids

Question 37

it is green owing to the presence of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, thus carry out photosynthesis, are plastids that are exposed to light.

Answer 37

Chloroplasts

Question 38

store starch; considered to be leucoplasts.

Answer 38

Amyloplasts

Question 39

develop into amyloplasts which accumulate sugar and store it as starch for months

Answer 39

Proplastids

Question 40

contain abundant colored lipids; in flowers and fruits

Answer 40

Chromoplasts

Question 41

colorless plastids, synthesize lipids and other materials

Answer 41

Leucoplasts

Question 42

A specific stage in the transformation of proplastids to chloroplasts; occur when tissues are grown without light

Answer 42

Etioplasts