Plant Cells

Question 1

List the structures that plant cells have that animal cells do not

Answer 1

• Cell wall
• Middle lamella
• Plasmodesmata
• Pits
• Chloroplast
• Amyloplast
• Vacuole + Tonoplast

Question 2

What is a cell wall?

Answer 2

Rigid structure surrounding plant cells

Question 3

What is the cell wall made of in plants?

Answer 3

Cellulose

Question 4

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 4

Supports plant cells

Question 5

What is the middle lamella?

Answer 5

The outmost layer of the cell made of calcium pectate

Question 6

What is the function of the middle lamella?

Answer 6

• Adhesive - sticks adjacent plant cells together

- Gives plants stability

Question 7

What is the plasmodesmata?

Answer 7

Channels in the cell wall that link adjacent cells cytoplasm together

Question 8

What is the purpose of the plasmodesmata?

Answer 8

Allows transport of substances and communication between cells

Question 9

What are the pits?

Answer 9

Regions of the cell wall where the wall is very thin - lines up to pits in the adjacent cell

Question 10

What is the purpose of the pits?

Answer 10

Allows transport of substances between cells

Question 11

Describe the chloroplast

Answer 11

• A small flattened structure

- Surrounded by double membrane

Question 12

What does the chloroplast contain?

Answer 12

• Thylakoid membranes: stacked up to form grana
• Stroma: thick fluid
• Lamellae that link grana

Question 13

What is the vacuole?

Answer 13

Compartment containing cell sap of water and mineral ions

Question 14

What is the tonoplast?

Answer 14

Membrane that surrounds the vacuole

Question 15

What are the 2 purposes of the vacuole?

Answer 15

• Keeps cells turgid

- Involved in breakdown and isolation of unwanted chemicals in cell

Question 16

What is the purpose of the tonoplast?

Answer 16

Controls what enters and leaves the vacuole

Question 17

What is the amyloplast?

Answer 17

Small organelle enclosed by a membrane

Question 18

What are the two purposes of the amyloplast?

Answer 18

• Storage and production of starch grains

- Converts starch back to glucose for energy release

Question 19

List the structures of a chloroplast 9

Answer 19

• DNA loop
• Oil droplets
• Inner membrane
• Thylakoids
• Granum
• Thylakoid space
• Stroma
• Starch gain
• Outer membrane

Question 20

Describe the thylakoid 2

Answer 20

• Contains chlorophyll

- Flattened fluid sacs

Question 21

What property does the thylakoid have adapting it to its function?

Answer 21

Large surface area allows light energy to be absorbed

Question 22

Describe the thylakoid space

Answer 22

Fluid within chloroplast

Question 23

Describe the stroma

Answer 23

Gel like fluid surrounding membrane, contains enzymes, sugars and organic acids needed for light independent reaction

Question 24

Describe the outer membrane of the chloroplast

Answer 24

Freely permeable wall to molecules of CO2 and H2O

Question 25

Why does the chloroplast have a double membrane?

Answer 25

To keep photosynthesis reactants close to reactant sites

Question 26

What are granum?

Answer 26

Stack of thylakoids joined together

Question 27

What is the DNA loop in the chloroplast?

Answer 27

Contains genes needed for some proteins

Question 28

Describe the inner membrane of a chloroplast 2

Answer 28

- Contains many transporter molecules - Membrane proteins regulate passage of substances in and out of chloroplast inc. sugars and proteins synthesised in cytoplasm used in chloroplasts

Question 29

What do oil droplets in the chloroplasts?

Answer 29

Store non carbohydrate organic material