Plant Classification | Lesson 2

Question 1

Plant Diversity

Answer 1

of different species in an area, not the amount which would be abundance

Question 2

Streptophytes

Answer 2

Green plants

Question 3

Embryophytes

Answer 3

Land plants

Question 4

Nonvascular

Answer 4

No vein

Question 5

Vascular

Answer 5

Vein in stem

Question 6

Bryophytes

Answer 6

Seedless

Question 7

Spermatophytes

Answer 7

Seed

Question 8

Lycophytes

Answer 8

Mosses

Question 9

Pterophytes

Answer 9

Ferns

Question 10

Gymnosperms

Answer 10

No flower

Question 11

Angiosperm

Answer 11

flower

Question 12

Linnaean

Answer 12

published Systema Naturae, which established a classification system called Taxonomy

Question 13

Taxonomy

Answer 13

a formal system for naming and classifying species.

Question 14

Domains

Answer 14

Archaea - Microbes, like heat + salt (first living things)
Eubacteria - bacteria
Eukaryota - plants, animals, fungus, everything else

Question 15

Eukaryotes

Answer 15

have membrane-bound organelles
have a nucleus
are larger, and can form multicellular organisms
Evolved after prokaryotic cells

Question 16

Prokaryotes

Answer 16

do not have membrane-bound organelles
do not have a nucleus
are smaller, and always unicellular
Evolved before eukaryotic cells

Question 17

Species

Answer 17

Genus + species epithet + authority

Question 18

Varieties

Answer 18

A taxonomic level below species or subspecies.
Varieties can interbreed.
Variety properties are stable under sexual reproduction.

Question 19

Cultivars

Answer 19

A “cultivated variety”
Often the properties are not stable in sexual reproduction (does not “breed true”)
Often propagated using tissue culture

Question 20

Phylogenetic systematics: cladistics

Answer 20

Systematists look for shared derived characters. These characters are used to establish a cladogram (branching tree diagram)
Taxa must be monophyletic

Question 21

monophyly

Answer 21

an ancestor and all derived from that ancestor

Question 22

paraphyly

Answer 22

an ancestor and some derived from that ancestor

Question 23

polyphyly

Answer 23

an ancestor and some derived and some not derived from that ancestor.

Question 24

Phylum Anthophyta (Angiospermophyta, Angiospermae)

Answer 24

Flowering Plants
Seeds enclosed in an ovary
Ovary becomes a fruit

Question 25

Dicotyledons or “Dicots”

Answer 25

No longer a valid taxonomic group, considered paraphyletic Largest dicot group is the Eudicots, or Tricolpates Many species, considered the “broad leaved plants” Two cotyledons, broad leaf, network of veins, vascular bundles in a ring, floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Question 26

Monocotyledons, or “Monocots”

Answer 26

Considered to be a monophyletic group Grasses, lilies, orchids, bananas, tulips Single cotyledon, long narrow leaf, parallel veins, vascular bundles scattered, floral parts in multiples of 3

Question 27

Lamiaceae

Answer 27

Mint Family | Mint, lavender, rosemary

Question 28

Orchidaceae

Answer 28

Orchid Family | one of the largest families of flowering plants ~28,000 species

Question 29

Alliaceae

Answer 29

Onion Family | onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, leek, and chives)

Question 30

Solanaceae

Answer 30

tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, also nightshade and petunias for some reason

Question 31

Brassicaceae

Answer 31

Mustard Family | Mustard, kale, broccoli, Arabidopsis

Question 32

Liliaceae

Answer 32

Lilies

Question 33

Rosaceae

Answer 33

Roses, apples, raspberries

Question 34

Fabaceae

Answer 34

beans, peas (legumes)

Question 35

Poaceae

Answer 35

Grasses

Question 36

Juncaceae

Answer 36

Rushes

Question 37

Cyperaceae

Answer 37

Sedges

Question 38

Asteraceae (the “composites”)

Answer 38

one of the largest families of flowering plants ~30,000 species Capitulum” Daisy, sunflower, dandelion, new york aster

Question 39

Betulaceae

Answer 39

Birches

Question 40

Fagaceae

Answer 40

oaks, chestnut, beech

Question 41

Ericaceae

Answer 41

Rhododendron

Question 42

Salicaceae

Answer 42

Willows