Plant Diversity I

Question 1

Bryophyte

Answer 1

Nonvascular plant

Question 2

Stomata

Answer 2

Openings on plants

Question 3

When did bryophytes evolve?

Answer 3

470 million years ago

Question 4

Phylum Bryophyta

Answer 4

Mosses

Question 5

Phylum Hepatophyta

Answer 5

liverworts

Question 6

Phylum Monilophyta

Answer 6

-ferns
-horsetails
-whisk ferns

Question 7

Phylum Lycophyta

Answer 7

-club mosses

Question 8

What doe alteration of generations mean?

Answer 8

Plants switch between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophyte generations

Question 9

Steps of alternation of generations

Answer 9

-the diploid sporophyte goes through meiosis and makes haploid spores in the sporangium
-div. by mitosis, the spores germinate to produce haploid gametophyte
- the gametophyte produces gametes inside a multicellular structure of non reproductive cells, forming gametangia
-the gametes fuse into zygote, which undergoes mitosis to make multicellular sporophyte embryo

Question 10

Gametes and spores are both haploid: t or f

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Archegonia

Answer 11

Produced eggs

Question 12

Antheridium

Answer 12

Produced sperm

Question 13

Macro trends in evolution of alternation of generations. . .

Answer 13

The sporophyte becomes the dominant photosynthetic and persistent component: gametophyte is in sporophyte: vascular tissue: homospory to hetero: and seeds to flowers

Question 14

Bryophyte characteristics

Answer 14

• no vascular tissue
• gametophyte is dominant
• moist habitats only
• sperm has to swim from antheridium to archegonium
• no stomo

Question 15

Peat moss

Answer 15

• absorbent, antibacterial, and burn able (CO2 when done)
• 3% of earth’s surface

Question 16

Liverwort characteristics

Answer 16

-flat thallus
-pores (gas exchange)
- gemmae cups (contain disks that are washed out and cloned)

Question 17

Thallus

Answer 17

Plant body with no vascular tissue

Question 18

Rhizoids

Answer 18

Anchoring structures that look like roots but aren’t

Question 19

Seedless vascular plant characteristics

Answer 19

• water dependent for fertilization
• thrived in Carboniferous swamps
• limited adaptations = limited range
• vascular tissue for moving water, nutrients and photosynthetic products
• gametophyte still has rights
• stomata (hooray)
• sperm still need to swim

Question 20

Lycophyta (club mosses)

Answer 20

• generally in moist areas
• heterospory (2 kinds of spores)
  -strobili (cones)

Question 21

Megasporangia

Answer 21

Div. By mitosis to make female gametophytes

Question 22

Microspores

Answer 22

Div. By mitosis to produce male gametophytes

Question 23

Selanginella

Answer 23

Holy revival era: aka come to life when water is available

Question 24

Monilophyta

Answer 24

• diversified alone on land during Silurian period (400 million years ago)
• most successful group of seedless vasculars
  -habitats range from desert to tropics

Question 25

Psilophytes

Answer 25

-whisk ferns - dichotomously branched (repeating y branch) - photosynthetic stems repro sexually via aerial spores - found in tropics & Florida

Question 26

Sphenophytes

Answer 26

- horsetails -green stems with joints (mini bamboo vibes) -occasional branches/ leaves -silica cell walls -pioneers used them to scrub dishes - now considered a roadside weed

Question 27

Sporophylls

Answer 27

Clusters of sporangia on the backside of fern leaves -appear as dark spots