PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

development is the sum of two processes

Answer 1

growth
differentiation

Question 2

irreversible permanent increase in size, volume, or mass of a cell or organ

Answer 2

growth

Question 3

main characteristic of growth

Answer 3

cellular growth
cell division
cell expansion
cellular differentiation

Question 4

increased growth per unit time

Answer 4

growth rate

Question 5

after mitotic cell division, only one daughter cell continues to divide while others differentiate or mature

Answer 5

arithmetic growth

Question 6

initial growth is slow, followed by a rapid increase in growth, and followed by a phase where growth slows down

Answer 6

geometric growth

Question 7

process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type

Answer 7

cellular differentiation

Question 8

cells derived from meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions which is termed as

Answer 8

differentiation

Question 9

cell regress from a specialized function to a simpler state reminiscent of stem cells

Answer 9

dedifferentiation

Question 10

a dedifferentiated cell can divide and produce newe cells. new cells produced again lose the power of division and become part of permanent tissue which is called

Answer 10

redifferentiation

Question 11

term that includes all changes that an organism goes through during its life cycle from germination of the seed to senescence

Answer 11

development

Question 12

ability of plant to follow different pathways and produce different structures in response to environment and phases of life

Answer 12

plasticity

Question 13

phenomenon of appearance of different form of leavess on the same plant

Answer 13

heterophylly

Question 14

chemical substances that influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs

Answer 14

plant growth regulators (phytohormones)

Question 15

phytohormones

Answer 15

auxins
gibberelins
cytokinins
abcisic acid
ethylene

Question 16

growth promoters

Answer 16

auxins, gibberelins, cytokinins

Question 17

growtth inhibitors

Answer 17

abscisic acid
ethylene

Question 18

discovered by Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin
promotes apical dominance
initiate rooting in stem cuttings

Answer 18

auxins

Question 19

present in a fungal pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi identified by E. Kurosawa
elongation of intact stem
dwarf shoots
bolting in rosette plants

Answer 19

gibberelins

Question 20

cousins confirmed the release of volatile substance from unripened oranges that hastened the ripening os stored unriped bananas
promotes senesence and abcission
inhibits elongation of stems and roots

Answer 20

ethylene

Question 21

identified by Frederick T. Addicott and his co-workers in 1963
acts as a general plant growth inhibitor
induces seed and bud dormancy
inhibits seed germination

Answer 21

abscisic acid

Question 22

response of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods

Answer 22

photoperiodism

Question 23

plants that require exposure to light for a period exceeding critical duration to induce flowering

Answer 23

long day plants

Question 24

plants that require exposure to light for a period less than critical period to induce flowering

Answer 24

short day plants

Question 25

plants where there is no correlation between exposure to light duratioon and induction of flowering

Answer 25

day neutral plants

Question 26

phenomenon of induction of flowering in plants by exposure to lower temperature

Answer 26

vernalisation

Question 27

growth can be measured in

Answer 27

increase in length or growth increase in area or volume increase in number of cells

Question 28

from seed germination through growth of the primary supportive structure

Answer 28

vegetative phase

Question 29

three processes in vegetative phase

Answer 29

cell division cell enlargement cell differentiation

Question 30

maturation of tissues manufactured during vegetative phase development of flower buds, flowers, fruit, and seed, or the development of storgae organs

Answer 30

reproductive growth phase

Question 31

both at the root apex and the shoot apex

Answer 31

meristematic

Question 32

the size of individual cell increases after cell division due to increase in the volume of its protoplasm

Answer 32

elongation

Question 33

structure of cells changes to perform specific functions

Answer 33

maturation

Question 34

the rate of growth of a plant part is not always the same during its life span, sometimes it is slow, at other times rapid

Answer 34

growth curve or sigmoid curve

Question 35

initial phase of growth when the rate of growth is very slow

Answer 35

lag phase

Question 36

shows rapid growth and is mximum for the entire life span

Answer 36

log phase

Question 37

rate of growth starts decreasing and finally it stops

Answer 37

stationary phase

Question 38

growth requirements

Answer 38

nutrients water temperature light growth substances

Question 39

two types of growth

Answer 39

definite indefinite

Question 40

process of development of shape and structure of an organism

Answer 40

morphogenesis

Question 41

involves in changes in gene expression that influences cellular activities through altering the kind of proteins in the cell

Answer 41

intercellular controls

Question 42

focus on hormones and their role in the activities of group of cells

Answer 42

intracellular controls

Question 43

they originate outside the organism

Answer 43

extracellular controls

Question 44

any change in the environmental conditions that may adversely affect the growth or development in plants

Answer 44

biological stress

Question 45

seed germination is dependent on

Answer 45

temperature moisture oxygen dyalight hours

Question 46

plant processes that affect growth

Answer 46

photosynthesis respiration absorption transpiration translocation reproduction