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Plant Leaves Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is the first embryonic leaves?

A

Cotyledon

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2
Q

What are the two things leaves are involved in

A

Photosynthesis and gas exchange

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3
Q

Leaves should be what?:
To maximize absorption of light and gases

A

Flat and thin

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4
Q

Leaves should be what?:
most of their tissues should be what to carry out photosynthesis

A

alive and differentiated into chlorenchyma

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5
Q

Stems should be what?:
To maximize support and conductions with minimum expenditure of construction

A

Cylindrical

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6
Q

Stems should be what?:
Much of the stem and all of its tracheary elements and most fibers must what?

A

Die ~ functionally dead

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7
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
tip

A

Apex

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8
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Point attachment

A

Base

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9
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Side

A

Margin

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10
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Main vein

A

Midrib

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11
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Strand of vascular tissues

A

Veins

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12
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Expanded leaf blade

A

Lamina:
- Adaxial: Ventral surface
- Abaxial: Dorsal surface

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13
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Leaf stalk

A

Petiole

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14
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Leaf appendages at petiole

A

Stipule

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15
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Angle between the leaf and stem

A

Axil

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16
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Veins originate from midrib at SEPARATE points

A

Pinnately lobed

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17
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Veins originate from the midrib at SINGLE point

A

Palmately lobed

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18
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
One expanded part of compound leaf

A

Leaflet

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19
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
stalk of individual leaflet

A

Petiolule

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20
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Distal to petiole - bears leaflets

A

Rachis

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21
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Stipule-like outgrowths at base of leaflet

A

Stipel

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22
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Leaflets are attached to rachis

A

Pinnately compound

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23
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Leaflets are attached to a SINGLE point in the petiole

A

Palmately compound

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24
Q

External features of Leaf - Venation:
Common in angiosperms, netlike

A

Netted or reticulate venation

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25
External features of Leaf - Venation: common in monocots, parallel
Parallel venation
26
External features of Leaf - Venation: First set of veins point towards apex
Anadromous
27
External features of Leaf - Venation: First set of veins point towards leaf base
Catadromous
28
External features of leaf - Leaf shape: What does leaf shape hel;p the plant in
1. aesthetics 2. gas exchange 3. Water retention 4. light capture
29
External features of a leaf - Leaf Apex: What are its benefits
Affect water drainage to prevent fungal infections and maximize light capture
30
External features of a leaf - Leaf Base: What are its benefits
Enhance leaf stability and support while facilitating efficient nutrient and water transport from stem to blade
31
External features of a leaf - Leaf Margin: What are its benefits
Light capture Water runoff Defense
32
External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule: With petiole
Petiolate
33
External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule: Without petiole
Sessile
34
External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule: With stipule
Stipulate
35
External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule: Without stipule
Exstipulate
36
External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule: Leaf base wraps around stem; lacks petiole (sessile)
Sheathing of Leaf base
37
External features of a leaf - phyllotaxy: Name four most common leaf phyllotaxy
Opposite, alternate, whorled, spiral
38
Internal features of a leaf - Epidermis: Single layer of cells in adaxial and abaxial part of leaf and contains cuticle
Epidermal cells
39
Internal features of a leaf - Epidermis: Forms the stomata and allows for gas exchange found in abaxial side of leaf
Guard cells
40
Internal features of a leaf - Epidermis: Can be glandular or non-glandular and found in adaxial side of leaf for protection
Trichomes
41
Internal features of a leaf - Mesophyll: Consists of one or more layers of elongated chlorenchyma specialized in light absorption and tightly packed
Palisade layer/mesophyll
42
Internal features of a leaf - Mesophyll: Consists of several layer of irregularly-shaped parenchyma; normally surrounds vascular bundles and forms labyrinth of spaces
Spongy layer/mesophyll
43
Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles: Composed of collenchyma cells for support and protection of vascular bundle tissues
Bundle sheath
44
Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles: Mass of fibers above, below, or both in larger veins for additional support
Bundle sheath extension
45
Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles: Composed of tracheary elements, normally located in the upper portion and conducts water
Primary xylem
46
Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles: Composted of sieve members, located in the lower portion and conducts sugar
Primary phloem
47
Leaf Modification: compact assemblage of overlapping and spirally arranged leaf sheathes
Support: Psuedostem
48
Leaf Modification: Slender coiling structure derived from branch, leaf, or inflorescence and used in climbing and support
Support: Leaf tendril
49
Leaf Modification: Leaf tip modified into tendril for support and senses solid objects around then
Support: Apex tendril
50
Leaf Modification: thick and fleshy that favor water conservation
Storage: Thickened leaves or succulents
51
Leaf Modification: large epiphatic ferns trap organic debris that is decomposed, becomes canopy soil and store water externally
Storage: Pocket or nest leaves
52
Leaf Modification: Comes in stipular, petiular and leaflet form to protect
Protection: Spines
53
Leaf Modification: Ability to puncture skin with needle-like apical cell with stiffened walls. Toxins secreted when tip is broken
Protection: Stinging trichome
54
Leaf Modification: Red conical structure that lengthens and unrolls and protects new leaf from UV rays
Protection: United stipules
55
Leaf Modification: Swelling of petiole that permit leaf movement
Protection: Pulvinus
56
Leaf Modification: Modified or specialized leaf in the inflorence below partial peduncles, pedicels, or flowers
Attraction: Colored bracts
57
Leaf Modification: Enhance light capture
Photosynthesis: Blade-like stipule, petiole, phyllode
58
Leaf Modification: leaf margins produce tiny plantlets that fall off and grow independently
Reproduction: Marginal Notches
59
Leaf Modification: bulbous stacks that contain air-filled tissues to keep plant afloat
Buoyancy: Bulbous petiole
60
Leaf Modification: laminate is tubilar rather than flat and secretes a digestive fluid. the epidermis must be absorptive rather than impermeable
Traps: Pitcher-like apex
61
Leaf Modification: Trap insects like flies with hinged leaves
Trap: Hinged trap leaves
62
Leaf Modification: Secrete digestive fluid through large trichomes that wrap around suspect
Trap: Glandular trichome

Botany (14 decks)

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