Plant Reproduction

Question 1

What is the dominant generation in the angiosperm life cycle?

Answer 1

The dominant generation is the sporophyte generation.

Question 2

True or False: Angiosperms reproduce through seeds and flowers.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The process by which pollen is transferred to the stigma of a flower is called __________.

Answer 3

pollination

Question 4

Which structure in angiosperms develops into fruit after fertilization?

Answer 4

The ovary

Question 5

What are the two types of spores produced in the angiosperm life cycle?

Answer 5

Microspores and megaspores

Question 6

What is the primary function of the flower?

Answer 6

The primary function of the flower is reproduction.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the male reproductive part of the flower.

Answer 7

stamen

Question 8

What are the two main parts of the stamen?

Answer 8

The anther and the filament.

Question 9

Which part of the flower is responsible for producing ovules?

Answer 9

The ovary.

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the flower? A) Petal B) Leaf C) Sepal D) Stamen

Answer 10

B) Leaf

Question 11

What role do petals play in a flower?

Answer 11

Petals attract pollinators.

Question 12

True or False: The pistil consists of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Short Answer: Name one method by which flowers can be pollinated.

Answer 13

By insects, wind, or water.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the sepal in a flower?

Answer 14

The sepal protects the developing flower bud.

Question 15

What are the four floral organs of a flower?

Answer 15

Carpels
Stamens
Petals
Sepals

Question 16

What are the 3F’s characterized by angiosperm lifecycle?

Answer 16

Fruit, flowers, double fertilization

Question 17

What are the parts of the female reproductive system in a plant?

Answer 17

Stigma: on which Pollen may land
Style: where the pollen must travel through
Ovary: where fertilization occurs

Question 18

Define inflorescences

Answer 18

Clusters of flowers

Question 19

What is pollination?

Answer 19

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Question 20

How does a pollen tube come about?

Answer 20

After landing on a receptive stigma, the pollen grain produces a pollen tube

Question 21

What are the three methods of pollination?

Answer 21

Wind
water
animals

Question 22

Describe co-evolution and give an example

Answer 22

Call evolution is the joint evolution of interacting species in response to selection imposed by each other
An example is a moth with a long promiscuous and the orchid with a long flower tube

Question 23

What are four components of the angiosperm lifecycle

Answer 23

Gametophyte development
Pollination
Double fertilization
Seed development

Question 24

What two cells does a microspore produce?

Answer 24

A microspore produces a generative cell and a tube cell through mitosis

Question 25

What does a pollen grain consist of?

Answer 25

A two celled male gameyophyte and spore wall

Question 26

What is another word for embryo sac?

Answer 26

Female gametophyte

Question 27

What develops from microspores within the microsporangia of anthers?

Answer 27

Pollen ## Footnote Pollen is the male gametophyte in seed plants.

Question 28

What are the two cells produced when a microspore undergoes mitosis?

Answer 28

Generative cell and tube cell ## Footnote The generative cell will eventually form sperm.

Question 29

What is the process through which microsporocytes produce microspores?

Answer 29

Meiosis

Question 30

What does each pollen grain consist of?

Answer 30

Two-celled male gametophyte and spore wall

Question 31

How many microspores are formed from one microsporocyte?

Answer 31

Four

Question 32

What is the ploidy level of the microspores?

Answer 32

Haploid (n)

Question 33

What is the ploidy level of microsporocytes?

Answer 33

Diploid (2n)

Question 34

What type of cell will the generative cell form?

Answer 34

Two sperm cells

Question 35

Fill in the blank: A pollen grain consists of a _______ male gametophyte and spore wall.

Answer 35

Two-celled

Question 36

True or False: The pollen grain is a diploid structure.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What is the embryo sac?

Answer 37

The embryo sac is the female gametophyte that develops within the ovule. It develops within the ovule It is crucial for the process of fertilization in plants.

Question 38

What surrounds the megasporangium in an ovule?

Answer 38

Two integuments surround the megasporangium in an ovule. ## Footnote Integuments are protective layers that also contribute to seed development.

Question 39

What process occurs in the megasporangium to produce megaspores?

Answer 39

Meiosis occurs in the megasporangium to produce megaspores. ## Footnote This is the first step in the formation of the female gametophyte.

Question 40

How many megaspores are produced during meiosis in the megasporangium?

Answer 40

Four megaspores are produced during meiosis. ## Footnote However, only one of these megaspores survives to form the embryo sac.

Question 41

What happens to the surviving megaspore?

Answer 41

The surviving megaspore undergoes mitosis to develop into the embryo sac. ## Footnote This process is essential for the formation of female gametophytes.

Question 42

How many antipodal cells are present in the embryo sac?

Answer 42

There are three antipodal cells present in the embryo sac. ## Footnote Antipodal cells are located at the opposite end of the embryo sac from the egg cell.

Question 43

How many polar nuclei are found in the embryo sac?

Answer 43

There are two polar nuclei found in the embryo sac. ## Footnote These nuclei play a role in double fertilization.

Question 44

How many egg cells are present in the embryo sac?

Answer 44

There is one egg cell present in the embryo sac. ## Footnote The egg cell is the female gamete that will be fertilized by the male gamete.

Question 45

How many synergids are present in the embryo sac?

Answer 45

There are two synergids present in the embryo sac. ## Footnote Synergids are involved in guiding the pollen tube to the egg cell.

Question 46

What is the process through which a megaspore divides to produce a large cell with 8 nuclei?

Answer 46

The megaspore divides without cytokinesis.

Question 47

What is the name of the structure that develops into the female gametophyte?

Answer 47

Embryo sac.

Question 48

What type of cell is a megasporangium?

Answer 48

Multicellular.

Question 49

What is the ploidy level of a megasporocyte?

Answer 49

Diploid (2n).

Question 50

What is the term for the surviving megaspore after meiosis?

Answer 50

Surviving megaspore.

Question 51

What process follows the division of the megaspore?

Answer 51

Mitosis.

Question 52

List the types of cells found in the female gametophyte (embryo sac).

Answer 52

* Antipodal cells (3) * Polar nuclei (2) * Egg (1) * Synergids (2)

Question 53

What is the function of the micropyle in the ovule?

Answer 53

The micropyle is the pore or canal within one or more integuments through which (in angiosperms) a pollen tube traverses prior to fertilization.

Question 54

True or False: The female gametophyte is haploid.

Answer 54

True.

Question 55

What is fertilization?

Answer 55

Fusion of gametes; occurs after the two sperm reach the female gametophyte

Question 56

What happens during double fertilization?

Answer 56

One sperm fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei

Question 57

What does the combination of the second sperm with the two polar nuclei produce?

Answer 57

Triploid food-storing endosperm (3n)

Question 58

What is the significance of double fertilization?

Answer 58

Ensures that endosperm only develops in ovules containing fertilized eggs

Question 59

Fill in the blank: Double fertilization gives rise to _______.

Answer 59

triploid food-storing endosperm (3n)

Question 60

True or False: In double fertilization, only one sperm is involved.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

What develops from each ovule after double fertilization?

Answer 61

Each ovule develops into a seed ## Footnote This process is part of the reproductive cycle in seed plants.

Question 62

What does the zygote divide to form?

Answer 62

The zygote divides to form an embryo ## Footnote The embryo eventually develops into a new sporophyte.

Question 63

What becomes the hard seed coat?

Answer 63

Integument ## Footnote The integument protects the seed from environmental factors.

Question 64

What does the embryo of a eudicot, such as a garden bean, consist of?

Answer 64

The embryonic axis attached to two thick cotyledons ## Footnote Eudicots are a major lineage of flowering plants.

Question 65

What is the term for the embryonic axis below the cotyledons?

Answer 65

Hypocotyl ## Footnote The hypocotyl terminates in the radicle, which is the embryonic root.

Question 66

What is the term for the embryonic axis above the cotyledons?

Answer 66

Epicotyl ## Footnote The epicotyl is part of the embryo that will develop into the shoot.

Question 67

What does the plumule consist of?

Answer 67

Epicotyl, young leaves, and shoot apical meristem ## Footnote The plumule is responsible for the development of the shoot system.

Question 68

What is the main function of cotyledons in seeds like castor beans?

Answer 68

Absorb nutrients from the endosperm and transfer them to the rest of the embryo ## Footnote Castor beans have thin cotyledons because they retain food in their endosperm.

Question 69

How many cotyledons does a monocot embryo have?

Answer 69

One cotyledon ## Footnote Monocots are another major lineage of flowering plants.

Question 70

Fill in the blank: The ________ comprises the epicotyl, young leaves, and shoot apical meristem.

Answer 70

plumule ## Footnote The plumule is crucial for the development of the plant's shoot system.

Question 71

True or False: Eudicots always have two thick cotyledons.

Answer 71

False ## Footnote Some eudicots, like castor beans, have thin cotyledons.