plant reproduction Flashcards
Sepals
Protect the developing flower while it’s inside the bud
Petals
Often colourful to attract pollinators
Anther
art of the stamen that produces the male sex cells
Filament
Stalk of the stamen that holds up the anther
Stigma
Sticky top of the carpel where pollen lands
Style
Structure of carpel that supports stigma
Ovary
Base of carpel, where the female sex cells develop and fertilization occurs
Pollination
the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma
Male pollen carried by pollinators or wind to style
Most flowering plants have a mutualistic relationship with pollinators in sexual reproduction (reward pollinators with nectar)
How do plants attract pollinators?
Bright colors, scent
Food
Pollinators can be generalist or specialist (generally specialist pollinators are crossed with generalist plants and vice versa)
Types of pollination:
Self pollination: a pollen from the anther of the same plant falls upon its stigma (inbreeding + less variation)
Cross pollination: pollen carried from anther of one plant to a stigma of different plants of same species (increases variation)
Fertilization
when the male and female sex cells unite in the ovule to form a diploid zygote
When pollen grain adheres to stigma (covered in sticky substance) it grows a pollen tube
Fertilization process
Pollen germinates to produce pollen tube
Pollen tube grows down style
Within the growing pollen tube is the nucleus that will produce sperm
The pollen tube completes its growth and enters an opening at the bottom of the ovary
The sperm moves from the tube to combine with egg in ovule and form a zygote
Zygote develops into seed
Seed Dispersal
the method by which seeds are scattered from plant to a new place where they can grow and develop into a new plant
Wind, water or animals can disperse seeds
