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Plant Science Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is IPM

A

Integrated pest management

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2
Q

Describe Key Pest

A

One occurs one a regular basis for a given crop

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3
Q

Describe cultural control

A

Attempt to alter the crop environment to prevent or reduce pest damage

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4
Q

Describe biological control

A

Control by natural agents

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5
Q

Describe chemical control

A

The use of pesticides to reduce pest populations

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6
Q

What do herbicides control

A

Unwanted vegetation

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7
Q

What do insecticides control

A

Unwanted insects

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8
Q

What do fungicides control

A

Plant diseases caused by fungi

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9
Q

Define general use

A

The pesticide poses minimal risk when applied

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10
Q

Define restricted use

A

The pesticide poses a greater risk to humans and the environment. (A person must be trained and certified to use)

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11
Q

Define trade name

A

Manufacturer’s name for a pesticide product

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12
Q

Define common name

A

The generic name for pesticides

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13
Q

Define the directions for use

A

The correct amount, timing, and mixing needed for a pesticide

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14
Q

What identifies the manufacturer on pesticide labels

A

The EPA registration number

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15
Q

When dealing with chemicals, what should you wear

A

Gloves, boots, hat, coveralls, aprons, goggles, a face shield, and a respirator

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16
Q

What should pesticide storage contain

A

A heat and water source, a secure locking system, a sufficient storage area, and the storage space should be well ventilated and fireproof

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17
Q

Three main factors affecting groundwater contamination by agrochemicals
are:

A

Soil type and other geological characteristics
The pesticide’s persistence and mobility within the soil
The production and application methods of pesticide users

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18
Q

Define taproot

A

The main root of the plant and
generally grows straight down from the
stem

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19
Q

Define fibrous

A

The generally thin, somewhat hairlike
and numerous roots

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20
Q

Define bulb stems

A

Short stems that are surrounded by modified leaves called scales (for example easter lilies or onions)

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21
Q

Define corms stems

A

Thickened, compact, fleshy stems

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22
Q

Define tubers stems

A

Thickened underground stems that store carbohydrates (for example potatoes)

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23
Q

Define stamen

A

The male part of the flower

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24
Q

Define filament

A

Supports the anther

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25
Define anther
Manufactures the pollen
26
Define pollen
The male sexual reproductive cell
27
Define pistil
The female part of the flower
28
Define stigma
Receives the pollen
29
Define style
Pollen travels down to ovary
30
Define ovary
Contains eggs, female reproductive cells
31
Define perfect flower
A flower that contains all parts
32
Define imperfect flower
One or more parts are missing on the flower
33
Define pollination
The union of the pollen with the stigma
34
Define genus
Taxonomic category between family and species
35
Define species
Subgroup under genus
36
Define variety
A subgroup of plants developed by people, as opposed to species that originate in the wild
37
Define photosynthesis
Light energy is converted to a simple sugar, occurs daytime
38
Define chlorophyll
The green material inside the leaves and stems of the plant
39
Define respiration
A process by which living cells take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide, occurs day and night
40
Define transpiration
The process by which plant gives up water vapor to atmosphere
41
What percent of transpiration goes through roots
90%
42
What influences transpiration
Humidity, temp, wind and other air movements
43
Define turgor
Swollen or stiffened condition as a result of the plant cells being filled with liquid
44
Define osmosis
Process by which water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane that is separating two solutions
45
WHat are the 16 plant nutrients
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Boron, Copper, Chlorine, Iron, Molybdenum, and zinc
46
Which plant nutrients are macronutrients
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and Sulfur
47
Which plant nutrients are micronutrients
Boron, Copper, Chlorine, Iron, Molybdenum and Zinc
48
Which plant nutrient is both a macro and micronutrient
Magnesium
49
What are chlorosis symptoms
When a plant is lacking oxygen, has reduced growth and yellowing of leaves
50
Define sexual propagation
The union of an egg (ovule) and sperm (pollen) resulting in a seed
51
Define germination
Seed sprouts and begins to grow
52
Define Imbibition (the first step of germination)
The absorption of water
53
Define asexual propagation
Uses a part or parts of only one parent plant ( a clone plant)
54
What are the different types of cutting
Stem cutting, leaf type cutting, root cutting, layering, grafting and tissue culture
55
What is the first step to air layering
The stem is girdled with two cuts about 1 inch apart, the bark is removed.
56
What is the second step of air layering
Dust wound with hormone powder and surround with damp sphagnum moss
57
What is the third step of air layering
Plastic is wrapped around the moss-packed wound and tied at both ends
58
What is the result of air layering
In a few weeks, roots will appear throughout the moss, the stem is cut just below the newly formed root ball and the ball is planted
59
Define division
If the plant has rooted crowns, these crowns are separated by cutting or pulling them apart, new clumps are planted separately
60
Define grafting
Procedure for joint two plant parts together so they grow as one
61
Define bud grafting
The union of a small piece of bark with a bud and a rootstock
62
Define T Budding
A T-shaped cut is made on the rootstock, a small shield shaped piece of the scion and pushed under the loosened bark of the stock plant. Then wrapped with a budding rubber (rubber band)
63
Define tissue culture
Many plantlets made from one leaf, must be done in a very clean atmosphere and lab made
64
Define olericulture
The study of vegetable production
65
Define plowing
Using a plow to mix up/loosen the soil
66
What does maintaining organic matter accomplish
Increases the water-holding and absorption capacity of the soil
67
Animal manure is best for organic matter, but low in what
Phosphorus
68
Define fertilizing
Adding in fertilizers after a soil test to make the soil the most nutrient for the crops
69
Define cultivating
Intertillage of crop, helps with weed control, conservation of moisture and increased aeration
70
Define weed control
Making sure weeds are controlled, use herbicides on larger areas
71
What does irrigation include
Sprinklers, drip irrigation and subirrigation
72
What does mulching help
Control weeds, regulates soil temps, and conserves soil moisture
73
Define hydroponics
The ability to produce vegetables on a commercial scale without soil
74
What is the most common produce use in hydroponics
Tomatoes
75
What are plants rooted in (with hydroponics) where water and nutrients flow
A filler material

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