Plant science

Question 1

what are meristematic tissues?

Answer 1

undifferentiated tissues that differentiate to enable plant growth

Question 2

what are permanent tissues?

Answer 2

what meristems differentiate into

Question 3

what are the 3 types of meristematic tissues?

Answer 3

apical, lateral, intercalary

Question 4

what is the role of an apical tissue?

Answer 4

increases length

Question 5

what is the role of a lateral tissue?

Answer 5

increases diameter

Question 6

what is the role of an intercalary tissue?

Answer 6

produces shoots and branches at nodes

Question 7

what are the 3 types of permanent tissues?

Answer 7

vascular, ground, epidermal

Question 8

what are the 2 vascular tissues?

Answer 8

phloem & xylem

Question 9

explain the function of the xylem.

Answer 9

transports water UP the plant through osmosis, transpiration & capillary action

Question 10

explain the function of the phloem.

Answer 10

transports sugars up and down the plant through diffusion, active transport and translocation.

Question 11

what are the 3 epidermal tissues?

Answer 11

guard cells, stomata, cambium

Question 12

what is the role of guard cells?

Answer 12

control the opening & closing of the stomata by altering their turgidity

Question 13

what is the role of the stomata?

Answer 13

pore in leaf that enable water movement in & out of cell

Question 14

what is the role of cambium?

Answer 14

layer of partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth found between xylem & phloem

Question 15

what are the 3 ground tissues?

Answer 15

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Question 16

explain the role of parenchyma

Answer 16

has thin walls
is a filling tissue
made up of living cells
remains meristematic

Question 17

explain the role of collenchyma

Answer 17

irregular thickness of walls
provides structural support
living

Question 18

explain the role of sclerenchyma

Answer 18

supports cells
dead
very thick cell walls

Question 19

explain the role of roots as a subterranean component

Answer 19

collenchyma & sclerenchyma provide support whilst parenchyma packs out the root
root hair cells are specialised to increase surface areas for faster osmosis

Question 20

explain what shoots are as a mid-structure

Answer 20

when seed first germinates and initial first growth emerges

Question 21

explain what stems are as a mid-structure

Answer 21

the main axes above ground & produce leaves

Question 22

explain the role of leaves as aerial components

Answer 22

the main site of photosynthesis, evaporation & gaseous exchange

Question 23

what are the female reproductive components?

Answer 23

ovary, style & stigma

Question 24

what are the male reproductive components?

Answer 24

1 or more stamens each made up of paired anthers on a filament or stalk

Question 25

what do petals do?

Answer 25

attract pollinator

Question 26

what are petals collectively called?

Answer 26

corolla

Question 27

what do sepals do?

Answer 27

protect buds

Question 28

explain sexual reproduction in plants

Answer 28

pollen is exchanged via wind & pollinating insects/animals produces genetically different offspring

Question 29

explain asexual reproduction in plants

Answer 29

self-pollinating or put out stolons/rhizomes that grow identical genetic copies

Question 30

explain mitosis

Answer 30

1 staged division that produces 2 identical cells

Question 31

explain meiosis

Answer 31

2 staged division that produces 4 daughter cells that contain half the chromosomes

Question 32

where does gaseous exchange occur & what happens?

Answer 32

in the stomata which are controlled by guard cells which open and close stomata by altering turgidity

Question 33

what 3 factors is photosynthesis dependent on?

Answer 33

light intensity carbon dioxide concentration temperature

Question 34

what is aerobic respiration?

Answer 34

respiration that uses oxygen

Question 35

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 35

respiration without oxygen

Question 36

turgid cell

Answer 36

full of water

Question 37

flaccid cell

Answer 37

not enough water

Question 38

plasmolysis cell

Answer 38

severely water defficient

Question 39

What 5 factors affect the rate of transpiration?

Answer 39

wind speed humidity temperature light water availability

Question 40

how long is an annual lifecycle?

Answer 40

1 year

Question 41

how long is a biennial lifecycle?

Answer 41

2 years

Question 42

how long is an ephemeral lifecycle?

Answer 42

multiple in a year

Question 43

how long is a perennial lifecycle?

Answer 43

continuous - regrows year after year

Question 44

what are the 2 types of germination?

Answer 44

hypogeal & epigeal