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Biology-Transport In Plants > Plant Structure > Flashcards

Plant Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the upper epidermis?

A

Protects waxy cuticle and is transparent so light can pass through

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2
Q

What is the role of the palisade mesophyll?

A

Packed with chloroplasts/photosynthesis

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3
Q

What is the role of the spongy mesophyll?

A

Contains air spaces for easy diffusion

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4
Q

What is the role of the vascular bundle?

A

Supports the lead and contains xylem and phloem

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5
Q

What is the role of the stoma (stomata)?

A

Gas exchange

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6
Q

What is the role of the lower epidermis?

A

Contains stomata, produced waxy cuticle

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7
Q

What is the role of the xylem?

A

Transports water and mineral ions

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8
Q

What is the role of the phloem?

A

Transports ‘food’ (dissolved sugars)

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9
Q

What is the role of the waxy cuticle?

A

Waterproof to prevent water loss

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10
Q

What is the first things plants need?

A

The stuff for photosynthesis including CO2, H2O, light energy and chlorophyll to absorb it

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11
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

CO2 + water –>Glucose + Oxygen
light

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12
Q

Where does the CO2 and Water come from?

A

CO2-air via stomata
Water-soil via roots and xylem

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13
Q

What is the Glucose and Oxygen used for?

A

Glucose-respired to release energy, make biomass and for proteins, lipids, vitamins and other carbs (starch)

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14
Q

What is the second thing plants need?

A

Oxygen for aerobic respiration

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15
Q

What is the third thing plants need?

A

Glucose for respiration and to make:
-Starch (storage)
-Cellulose (cell walls)
-Nucleic Acids
-Proteins for growth & repair
-Fats and oils
-Other sugars

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16
Q

What is the fourth thing plants need?

A

Mineral ions e.g. nitrates to make amino acids, nitrates and phosphate to make nucleic acids and Mg 2+ ions to make chlorophyll

17
Q

Why do large plants need a transport system?

A

As they have a small SA:V ratio so need it to move water and mineral ions and food

18
Q

How is water and mineral ions transported and what by?

A

Roots to leaves via xylem

19
Q

How is assimilates (food) transported and what by?

A

Where they are needed via phloem

20
Q

Gases aren’t transported via the transport system. Why?

A

As plants have a low metabolic rate so can exchange sufficient O2/CO2 by diffusion through their outer surface

21
Q

What is the transport system in plants called?

A

Vascular System

22
Q

What is the Vascular System comprised of?

A

Xylem and Phloem Tissue

23
Q

What is the role of Xylem tissue?

A

To transport water and mineral ions from roots to the leaves and provide support
-up only

24
Q

What features do the Xylem have?

A

-No end plates between cells
-Vessel walls strengthened with lignin

25
Q

What is the role of phloem tissue?

A

Transports assimilates around plants in two directions

26
Q

What is a herbaceous dicotyledonous?

A

Flowering plant with woody stem

27
Q

What features do the phloem have?

A

Sieve plates between cells

28
Q

Xylem and Phloem are found in groups called…?

A

Vascular Bundles

29
Q

In the roots, where are these located?

A

At the centre

30
Q

Why are they located at the centre in the roots?

A

To prevent plant from being pulled out / protection

31
Q

In the stem, these are located near the…?

A

Edge

32
Q

Why are they located at the edge in the stem?

A

For strength and support

33
Q

What is the distribution of xylem and phloem in the leaves of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants?

A

-Vascular bundle in spongy meosphyll with the phloem on the bottom of the bundle
-They form a network of veins stemming from the main midrib which helps support the leaf

34
Q

What is the distribution of xylem and phloem in the stem of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants?

A

-Vascular bundle around edge with phloem on outside. Provides a ‘scaffolding’ giving support to the stem and flexibility to allow the stem to bend
-Xylem and Phloem separated by cambium
-Parenchyma and Pith are packing tissues that separate and gives support for the vascular bundles

35
Q

What is the distribution of xylem and phloem in the roots of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants?

A

-Vascular bundles on inside for protection
-Xylem form an x-shape in middle of bundle which provides strength for the root so it can push through the soil and helps anchor the plant to the ground
-Phloem is to the outside of xylem
-Pericyle protects vascular bundles and contains meristematic tissues allowing new roots to form

36
Q

What is Cambium?

A

Meristematic tissue that produces new xylem and phloem allowing the stem to widen and thicken as it grows

Biology-Transport In Plants (8 decks)

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