Plant Structure

Question 1

Plant Body

Answer 1

Root System

Shoot System

Question 2

Roots System

Answer 2

Root system generally equivalent in size and extent to shoot system. Includes roots and root hairs

Question 3

Roots

Answer 3

anchor plant in soil
absorb water and nutrients
produce hormones

Question 4

Root hairs

Answer 4

• projections from epidermal root cell hairs

- generally increase absorptive capacity of root

Question 5

Shoot System

Answer 5

Composed of stem, branches, leaves

Question 6

Stem

Answer 6

main axis of plant that elongated and produces leaves.
consists of nodes and internodes.
vascular tissue transports water and minerals

Question 7

nodes

Answer 7

occur where leaves attached to stem

Question 8

internodes

Answer 8

region between nodes

Question 9

Phytomere

Answer 9

-molecular unit
   stem node
   internode
   leaf
   axillary meristem/bud

Question 10

Leaves

Answer 10

major broad, thin part carries on photosynthesis

Question 11

parts of leaves

Answer 11

blade
petiole
leaf axil

Question 12

blade

Answer 12

wide portion

Question 13

petiole

Answer 13

stalk attaches blade to stem

Question 14

leaf axil

Answer 14

axillary bud originates

Question 15

types of leaves

Answer 15

tendrils

bulbs

Question 16

tendrils

Answer 16

attach to ojects

Question 17

bulbs

Answer 17

store food

Question 18

Plant tissues

Answer 18

epidermal tissues
ground tissues
vascular tissue

Question 19

epidermal tissue

Answer 19

• from rotoderm
• contain closely packed epidermal cells
  
  • contain waxy cuticle, 1 layer
• roots contain root hairs
• lower leaf surface contain stomata
• woody plants covered by cork
• trichomes (Pubescence=plant hair)

Question 20

Ground tissue

Answer 20

forms bulk of a plant (from Ground meristern)
parenchyma cells
collenchyma cells
sclerenchyma cells

Question 21

parenchyma cells

Answer 21

least specialized, all organs of plant, divides

Question 22

collenchyma cells

Answer 22

thicker primary walls, bundles under epidermis

Question 23

sclerenchyma cells

Answer 23

thick secondary walls with lignin, nonliving, support/protection

Question 24

vascular tissues

Answer 24

from procambium (vascular bundles) 
includes xylem and phloem

Question 25

xylem

Answer 25

transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves (against gravity), Dead

Question 26

Phloem

Answer 26

transports sucrose and other organic compounds from the leaves to the roots (up, down, laterally), Living

Question 27

Root Organization

Answer 27

``` root apical meristem (RAM) primary meristem zone of maturation epidermis root hairs cortex endodermis vascular tissue ```

Question 28

Root diversity

Answer 28

primary root fibrous root system adventitious roots

Question 29

primary

Answer 29

Fleshy, long single root that grows straight down; Stores food; lateral roots

Question 30

fibrous

Answer 30

Slender roots and lateral branches; Anchors plant to soil

Question 31

adventitious

Answer 31

Above ground, develop from shoot system; Anchor and increase water flow

Question 32

Stem Organization

Answer 32

Shoot Apical Meristem

Question 33

Shoot Apical Meristem

Answer 33

produces new cells that elongate protected by terminal bud enveloped by leaf primordia specialized by primary meristems

Question 34

meristems

Answer 34

protoderm ground meristem procambium

Question 35

Woody stems

Answer 35

both primary and secondary tissues have no vascular bundles, but instead have 3 regions bark wood pith

Question 36

primary tissues

Answer 36

formed each year from primary meristems

Question 37

secondary tissues

Answer 37

develop during first and subsequent years from lateral meristems

Question 38

stolons

Answer 38

Above-ground horizontal stems Produce new plants when nodes touch the ground

Question 39

Rhizomes

Answer 39

Underground horizontal stems | Contribute to asexual reproduction

Question 40

Rhizomes variations

Answer 40

tubers | corms

Question 41

tubers

Answer 41

enlarged portions for food storage

Question 42

corms

Answer 42

underground stems that produce new plants during next season

Question 43

leaf blade

Answer 43

facilitates collection of solar E | - thinness prevents overheating

Question 44

leaves adapted to

Answer 44

environment

Question 45

roles in

Answer 45

attachment attraction protection