Plant Structure and Function

Question 1

The high lignin concentration in ________ cells make these cells very strong, and tissues of these cells appropriate for making rope.

Answer 1

Sclerenchymal

Question 2

_________ increase the surface area of the root.

Answer 2

Root hairs

Question 3

A modified stem that grows horizontally underground is a __________.

Answer 3

Rhizome

Question 4

_________ tissue continue to grow throughout the life of a plant.

Answer 4

Meristem

Question 5

The ________ reduces the rate of water loss from the surface of a leaf.

Answer 5

Cuticle

Question 6

Photosynthates are directed to ______ during vegetative growth.

Answer 6

Leaves

Question 7

_______ has a greater impact on taller plants.

Answer 7

Gravity potential

Question 8

_________ often have thicker waxy cuticles to reduce transpiration.

Answer 8

Epiphytes

Question 9

Plants use the phytochrome system to ________.

Answer 9

Grow away from shade and towards light

Question 10

The response to gravity is controlled by __________.

Answer 10

amyloplasts

Question 11

Many secondary metabolites produced as defense responses in plants are made to _______.

Answer 11

discourage predators

Question 12

____________ tissue in particular is strengthened in a thigmomorphogenetic response.

Answer 12

Xylem

Question 13

_______ replaces the epidermis of stems with bark.

Answer 13

Cork cambium

Question 14

Farmers can trigger uniform ripening times in fruit by treating plants with ________.

Answer 14

ehtylene

Question 15

Autumn wood has _______ than spring wood.

Answer 15

a thicker cell wall

Question 16

The Dutchmen’s pipe is a ______ plan that decomposes dead matter.

Answer 16

saprophyte.

Question 17

Mycorrhizae involve a root host and a symbiotic __________.

Answer 17

fungi

Question 18

A potassium ion pump supports _______.

Answer 18

stomata regulation of water balance

Question 19

The __________ is usually found between the base of a leaf and the stem and may give rise to a flower.

Answer 19

axillary bud

Question 20

The _______ forces water and solutes into endodermal cells.

Answer 20

Casparian strip

Question 21

The ________ is ground tissue towards the interior of the vascular tissues.

Answer 21

pith

Question 22

The ___ store the pigment that give flower petals their bright colors.

Answer 22

chromoplasts

Question 23

When a leaf opens its stomata, the turgor potential of the leaf will ________.

Answer 23

decrease

Question 24

Translocation occurs via the ________ of plants.

Answer 24

phloem

Question 25

The main driver of water movement through xylem is ______.

Answer 25

transpiration

Question 26

The _______ connect the mesophyll cells that produce photosynthates to the phloem for transpiration to the closest sink.

Answer 26

plasmodesmata

Question 27

A venus flytrap closing upon an insect is an example of a _______ response.

Answer 27

thigmonastic

Question 28

Phototropism is a response to _______ wavelengths of light.

Answer 28

blue

Question 29

_______ ensures that roots grow into soil and shoots grow toward sunlight.

Answer 29

gravitropism

Question 30

Many secondary metabolites produced as defense responses in plants are made to ______.

Answer 30

discourage predators

Question 31

Primary growth is due to cell division of the ______.

Answer 31

apical meristem

Question 32

The most important source of biological nitrogen fixation is the symbiotic relationship between ______.

Answer 32

soil bacteria and legume plants

Question 33

Define the term epiphyte.

Answer 33

A plant with specialized roots that absorb moisture from the atmosphere.

Question 34

A potassium ion pump supports ______.

Answer 34

stomata regulation of water balance

Question 35

______ are fully photosynthetic but obtain water and minerals from a host.

Answer 35

hemiparasites

Question 36

After carbon, _________ is the most abundant elements in plant cells.

Answer 36

nitrogen

Question 37

The cuticle _______.

Answer 37

reduces the rate of water loss from the surface of a leaf.

Question 38

Meristem tissue ________.

Answer 38

continue to grow throughout the life of a plant

Question 39

_________ is the movement of a plant is response to constant directional pressure.

Answer 39

thigmotropism

Question 40

The inactive form of phytochrome is triggered by ______ light.

Answer 40

far-red

Question 41

The Casparian strip ________.

Answer 41

forces water and solutes into endodermal cells

Question 42

Which secondary metabolites produced in plants are alkaloids?

Answer 42

Jasmonates

Question 43

The main driver of ________ is transpiration.

Answer 43

water movement through the xylem

Question 44

Cytokinins promote __________ in plants.

Answer 44

cell division

Question 45

_________ occurs via the phloem of plants.

Answer 45

translocation

Question 46

New __________ is produced by procambium.

Answer 46

xylem

Question 47

The response to ________ is controlled by amyloplasts.

Answer 47

gravity

Question 48

After __________, nitrogen is the most abundant element in plant cells.

Answer 48

carbon

Question 49

When the cells of the apical meristem divide, _____ occurs.

Answer 49

primary growth

Question 50

Sclerenchymal cells have __________.

Answer 50

very thick and strong walls, making them ideal to create rope.

Question 51

Define the term saprophyte.

Answer 51

a plant that decomposes dead matter

Question 52

Gravity potential has a greater impact on ________ plants.

Answer 52

taller

Question 53

A rhizome is a modified stem that ______.

Answer 53

grows horizontally underground

Question 54

More than 80 percent of terrestrial plant roots contain _______.

Answer 54

endomycorrhizae