Plant Structure and Growth

Question 1

Plants have two basic systems:

The root system functions mainly for __________ and __________.

Answer 1

anchorage

storage/absorption

Question 2

Plants have two basic systems:

The shoot system functions for __________ and ___________.

Answer 2

photosynthesis

reproduction

Question 3

Shoot parts:

The new growth in the top of the shoot is by the __________.

Answer 3

apical meristem

Question 4

Shoot parts:

A node is where a __________ joins the stem.

Answer 4

shoot

Question 5

Shoot parts:

At every node, there is a _________ bud and a leaf ________.

Answer 5

axillary

blade/petiole

Question 6

Shoot parts:

A new branch grows out of a __________ bud.

Answer 6

apical

Question 7

Shoot parts:

A leaf is made up of a ___________ connecting it to the stem, and the __________ doing photosynthesis.

Answer 7

petiole

blade

Question 8

Shoot parts:

A simple leaf has only one leaf __________.

Answer 8

blade

Question 9

Shoot parts:

A compound leaf is divided up into several smaller __________.

Answer 9

leaflets

Question 10

Plant Cell types:

Plant cells could have both a __________ cell wall (soft/flexible) layer and up to 3 _________ cell wall (rigid) layers.

Answer 10

primary

secondary

Question 11

Plant Cell types:

___________ are small tubular connections across cells walls between plant cells allowing water and small molecules to flow.

Answer 11

Plasmodesmata

Question 12

Plant Cell types:

The ____________ between plants cells holds them together and has a high amount of pectin.

Answer 12

middle lamellin

Question 13

Plant Cell types:

All plant tissues start out as parenchyma, with thin _________ cell walls.

Answer 13

primary

Question 14

Plant Cell types:

The plant parts we typically eat are made up of ___________.

Answer 14

collenchyma

Question 15

Plant Cell types:

Growing, dividing plant cells are ___________-enchyma, while ______-enchyma cannot divide at all.

Answer 15

paren-

scler-

Question 16

Plant Cell types:

Collenchyma gives plants _________ support, and is often found in petioles and young stems.

Answer 16

elastic

Question 17

Plant Cell types:

Wood and other hard plant parts are made of __________, which has thick ___________ cell wall layers.

Answer 17

sclerenchyma

rigid secondary

Question 18

Transport tissues:

Transport tissue are also known as _________ tissues.

Answer 18

vascular

Question 19

Transport tissues:

Sugar is carried in __________.

Answer 19

phloem

Question 20

Transport tissues:

__________ is made up of living parenchyma cells using active transport to make large concentration of sugar.

Answer 20

phloem

Question 21

Transport tissues:

It is made up of 2 particular cells; the _________ tube members and their __________ cells.

Answer 21

sieve

companion

Question 22

Transport tissues:

Water and minerals are transported in __________ (tissue). Which are made up of sclerenchyma cells that are _________ and _________ at maturity.

Answer 22

xylem

hollow

dead

Question 23

Dicots:

Named because they have two ___________ in their seeds.

Answer 23

cotyledons

Question 24

Dicots:

Their flowers typically have parts in ___(#).

Answer 24

4 or 5

Question 25

Dicots:

Their leaf venation is __________.

Answer 25

netlike

Question 26

Dicots:

Examples of dicots include:

Answer 26

malvacea, asteracea, fabiacea

Question 27

Monocots:

Named because they have one __________ in their seeds.

Answer 27

cotyledon

Question 28

Monocots:

Their flowers typically have parts in ___(#).

Answer 28

3

Question 29

Monocots:

Their leaf venation is __________.

Answer 29

linear

Question 30

Monocots:

Examples of Monocots:

Answer 30

liliaceaea, poaceae

Question 31

Primary growth:

Growth is formed by localized areas of cell division called __________.

Answer 31

meristems

Question 32

Primary growth includes cells divided from the _________.

Answer 32

meristems

Question 33

Primary growth makes plant stems and roots ________ (taller or wider).

Answer 33

taller

Question 34

Primary growth:

The 3 primary meristematic tissues formed by the apical meristem are:

Answer 34

i. protoderm
ii. procambium
iii. ground meristem

Question 35

Primary growth:

The procambium will later develop into _________ and _________.

Answer 35

xylem

phloem

Question 36

Primary growth:

Epidermis develops from the __________.

Answer 36

cortex

Question 37

Secondary growth:

Secondary growth includes all cells divided from the __________.

Answer 37

vascular cambium

Question 38

Secondary growth makes plant stems and roots (taller or wider).

Answer 38

wider

Question 39

In secondary growth, barks form from the _____-cambium.

Answer 39

cork

Question 40

Secondary growth:

Wood Cross section-
Xylem formed in secondary growth is called __________.

Answer 40

wood

Question 41

From the outside-in, place these tissues in the order you would find them in a wood cross section:

-oldest (primary) xylem
-youngest (secondary) xylem
-bark
-oldest (primary) phloem
-youngest (secondary) phloem
-vascular cambium
-pith

Answer 41

i. bark
ii. primary phloem
iii. secondary phloem
iv. vascular cambium
v. secondary xylem
vi. primary xylem
vii. pith