Plant systems

Question 1

What are the main parts of a plant

Answer 1

Flower, leaf, fruit, and main stem.

Question 2

What are some common characteristics of plants

Answer 2

• Plants are multicellular
• Typically green in color
• cannot move from place to place.
• All have anchoring structures.

Question 3

Leafs

Answer 3

light energy + carbon dioxide + water ⇒ glucose + oxygen
The organelle that performs photosynthesis is the Chloroplast.
Inside the chloroplast are flat disc shaped Thylakoids which are stacked into Grana. They use chlorophyll to collect and store the sun’s energy.
Leaves are also good for support, protection and reproduction.
Other uses include food, waxes and medicines.

Question 4

Flower

Answer 4

Flowers are developed for sexual reproduction.
They contain male or female reproductive structures and sometimes both.
Male structures produce pollen grains.
Female structures produce eggs which need to be fertilized by pollen.
After pollination, the female flower part produces seeds.
Non flowering plants have different sexual reproductive systems. They are wind pollinated and produce pollen and seeds in specialized cones. Ex) Mosses, Ferns & Coniferous Trees

Question 5

Stem

Answer 5

The stem or trunk has many functions: support branches, leaves, and flowers, and provides a way to transport materials.
Contains lots of vascular tissue to carry stuff to and from the roots, leaves, flowers and fruits.

Question 6

Meristematic cells

Answer 6

When seeds start to grow, the cells divide very fast. As the seed becomes an embryo some cells will specialize.
Just like animals have unspecialized stem cells, plants will always have unspecialized cells called Meristematic Cells.
Meristematic cells can differentiate and specialize into different tissue types.

Question 7

Dermal Tissue

Answer 7

It is made up of tissues that form the outer surfaces of plant parts.

1. Epidermial tissue (Epidermis)- thin layer of cells that covers surfaces of leaves, stems and roots.

2.Periderm tissue- on the surface of a plant that produces bark on stems and large roots.
Epidermal root cells have root hairs to absorb water and minerals.

Question 8

Vacular tissue

Answer 8

Made of tissues specialized to transport water, minerals & nutrients through the plant.

1. Xylem
   Dead, hollow cells that transport water and minerals from roots to leaves – one way only

2 . Phloem
Living cells that transport sugars made by photosynthesis in BOTH directions

Question 9

Ground tissue

Answer 9

Make up all the other structures in a plant.

The filler between dermal and vascular tissue.
Makes up most of young plant tissue.
In the green parts of plants, they make nutrients via photosynthesis.
In the roots, they store carbohydrates.
In stems, they provide storage and support.

Question 10

chemical equation - photosynthesis

Answer 10

Light Energy + CO2(Carbon dioxide) + H2O (water) (ARROW) Glucose O2 (oxygen)

Question 11

How plants obtain ingredients

Answer 11

Chlorophyll
pigment in leaves that absorbs light
Found in chloroplasts (high amounts of chloroplasts in spongy and palisade mesophyll)

Carbon Dioxide) Gases enter and exit through stomata (holes in the leaf surface)
Stomata are surrounded by guard cells

Guard Cells
Respond to light levels
Close stomata at night when CO2 is not needed because there is no sunlight for PS (conserves water also)

Obtaining Water) Water is absorbed from soil via root hairs (these increase surface area of roots)
Water is brought by XYLEM from roots, to stem
and leaves

Leaves reduce water loss by:
a waxy cuticle produced by the epidermal cells
Closing stomata when water levels are low and at night