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BOTAX > plant tissue > Flashcards

plant tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Derived from shoot and root apical meristems

A

Primary Plant Body (Herbaceous Body)

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2
Q

Composed of primary tissues

A

Primary Plant Body (Herbaceous Body)

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3
Q

Constitutes the herbaceous parts of a plant

A

Primary Plant Body (Herbaceous Body)

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4
Q

plant that never becomes woody nor covered with bark; often lives for less than 1 year; consists only of a primary plant body

A

Herb

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5
Q

Derived from meristems other than apical meristems

A

Secondary Plant Body (Woody Body)

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6
Q

Composed of secondary tissues: wood and bark

A

Secondary Plant Body (Woody Body)

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7
Q

Constitutes the woody, bark-covered parts of a plant

A

Secondary Plant Body (Woody Body)

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8
Q

• has primary tissues at its shoot and root tips, and a seedling consists only of primary tissues.
• But wood and bark (secondary tissues) arise inside the primary tissues of stems and roots after few mos.

A

Woody plant

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9
Q

group of cells that perform specific function

A

Tissues

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10
Q

Based on stage of development

A

a. Embryonic or meristematic
b. Permanent

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11
Q

Based on composition

A

a. Simple
b. Complex

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12
Q

tissues where the cells are in the mitotic state

A

Meristematic

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13
Q

MERISTEMATIC
Based on initiating cells

A

a. Primary meristem
b. Secondary meristem
c. Promeristem (primordial meristem)

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14
Q

MERISTEMATIC
Based on position in the plant body (Location)

A

a. Apical
b. Intercalary
c. Lateral/ Secondary Meristematic

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15
Q

MERISTEMATIC
Based on function

A

a. Protoderm
b. Procambium
c. Fundamental or Ground

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16
Q

embryonic epidermis (PRIMARY EPIDERMIS)
(Dermal Tissue System)

A

Protoderm

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17
Q

future cortex (PRIMARY GROUND TISSUE) (Ground Tissue System)

A

Ground Meristem

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18
Q

central cylinder (PRIMARY VASCULAR TISSUE) (Vascular Tissue System)

A

Procambium

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19
Q

TIP, Length

A

Apical Meristem

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20
Q

BODY, elongation

A

Intercalary Meristem

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21
Q

Thickness

A

Lateral/ Secondary Meristem

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22
Q

Three primary meristems:

A

• protoderm
• ground meristem
• procambium

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23
Q

In stems showing secondary growth

A

Lateral Meristems

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24
Q

Three primary tissues

A

• dermal tissue system
• ground tissue system
• vascular tissue system

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25
Q

(Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma)

A

Ground tissue

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26
Q

Primary xylem and primary phloem

A

Vascular tissue

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27
Q

Permanent tissues

A

Simple permanent
Complex permanent

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28
Q

Simple permanent tissue

A

Parenchyma tissue
Collenchyma tissue
Schlerenchyma tissue

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29
Q

Complex Permanent

A

Xylem
Phloem

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30
Q
  • cells are stable, no longer dividing
  • It is differentiated into 2 types
A

Permanent

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31
Q
  • composed of one type of cells
  • differentiates into dermal or protective and ground or fundamental
  • Classified based on the nature of cell wall
A

Simple permanent tissue

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32
Q
  • composed of different kinds of cells but perform similar function
A

Complex permanent tissue

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33
Q

dermal and ground tissue

A

Simple permanent tissue

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34
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Complex permanent tissue

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35
Q

a mass of parenchyma cells; most common type of tissue constituting all soft parts of a plant

A

Parenchyma Tissue

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36
Q
  • most common type of cell
  • Has thin primary walls; large vacuole
  • active metabolically and alive at maturity
  • Numerous subtypes are specialized for particular tasks.
A

Parenchyma Cells

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37
Q

Nucleus (pink)
Nucleolus (red)
Cell walls
Vacuoles

A

Parenchyma cells of geranium

38
Q

Examples of Parenchyma Cells

A

Chlorenchyma Cells
Transfer Cells
Glandular Cells
Aerenchyma

39
Q
  • involved in photosynthesis: chloroplast
  • the thinness of the wall allows light and carbon dioxide to pass through to the chloroplasts
A

Chlorenchyma Cells

40
Q
  • mediate the short-distance transport of material by means of a large, extensive plasma membrane capable of holding numerous molecular pumps
A

Transfer Cells

41
Q

Intercellular spaces
Chloroplasts

A

Chlorenchyma cells from a leaf of privet

42
Q

Simple Permanent Tissue
TYPES

A

Parenchyma Tissue
Collenchyma Tissue
Sclerenchyma Tissue

43
Q
  • secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins, and oils
  • contain few chloroplasts but have ↑ amounts of dictyosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
A

Glandular Cells

44
Q
  • Specialized in gas exchange; large intercellular spaces
A

Aerenchyma

45
Q

A resin canal and glandular cells in a_________

A

pine leaf

46
Q
  • a mass of collenchyma cells
A

Collenchyma Tissue

47
Q
  • Unevenly thickened primary walls (thin in some areas, thick most often in the corners)
  • Typically alive at maturity
A

Collenchyma Cells

48
Q
  • Provide plasticity, the ability to be deformed by pressure or tension and to retain the new shape even if the pressure or tension ceases.
  • present in elongating shoot tips as a layer just under the epidermis or as bands located next to vascular bundles
  • usually produced only in shoot tips and young petioles
A

Collenchyma Cells

49
Q

(A) Masses of collenchyma cells often occur in the outer parts of stems and leaf stalks. Collenchyma forms a band about 8 to 12 cells thick.
(B) The primary wall is thicker at the corners; No intercellular spaces are present

A

Peperomia Stem

50
Q
  • a mass of sclerenchyma cells
A

Sclerenchyma Tissue

51
Q
  • has both a primary wall and a thick secondary wall that is almost always lignified
  • Many dead at maturity
  • provides elasticity, the ability to be deformed, but snap back to their original size and shape when the pressure or tension is released
A

Sclerenchyma Cells

52
Q
  • Some are involve in water transport
  • develop mainly in mature organs that have stopped growing (non-extending parts) and have achieved their proper size and shape.
A

Sclerenchyma Cells

53
Q

Types of Sclerenchyma Cells

A

• Mechanical (nonconducting) sclerenchyma
- Sclereids
- Fibers

• Conducting sclerenchyma (tracheary elements)
- Tracheids
- Vessel Elements

54
Q

More or less isodiametric; often dead at maturity

A

Sclereids

55
Q

Long; many types are dead, others types remain alive and are involved in storage.

A

Fibers

56
Q

Long and narrow with tapered ends; contain no perforations. Dead at maturity. Found in all vascular plants.

A

Tracheids

57
Q

Short and wide with rather perpendicular end walls; most contain one or two perforations. Dead at maturity. Found almost exclusively in flowering plants. Among non flowering plants, only a few ferns, horsetails, and gymnosperms have vessels.

A

Vessel elements

58
Q
  • brittle and inflexible
  • form hard, impenetrable surfaces (shells of
    walnuts and coconuts or the “pits” or “stones” of cherries and peaches)
A

Sclereids (Stone Cells)

59
Q
  • Flexible; found in areas where strength and elasticity are important (wood of flowering plant, trunk and branches)
  • Resists insects, fungi, pests (bark)
  • Elongates as the internode increases in length
A

Fibers

60
Q

common source for paper and linen cloth

A

Flax fibers

61
Q

Philippine fibers like abaca leaves or Manila Hemp and pineapple leaves are _______

A

hard fibers

62
Q
  • Water conducting cell
  • Movement of water is thru thin areas called “pits” found in the secondary wall
A

Tracheids

63
Q
  • forms large hole called a perforation which greatly reduces the friction = water moves much more easily than through pits of tracheids
A

Vessel Elements

64
Q

• Cell shape: Isodiametric cells which are oval, spherical or polygonal in shape
• Cell wall: Thin cellulosic cell wall
• Cytoplasm: Abundant
• Nucleus: Present (living tissue)
• Vacuoles: Large vacuole
• Intercellular spaces: Present
• Occurrence: Basically packing tissue, All soft part of plant, Pith, cortex, medullary rays
• Functions: food storage, photosynthesis

A

Parenchyma

65
Q

• Cell shape: circular, oval or polyhedral
• Cell wall: Uneven thickening on their cell wall
• Cytoplasm: Present
• Nucleus: Present (Living tissue)
• Vacuoles: Vacuolated
• Intercellular spaces: Absent
• Occurrences: Dicot stems, petiole and beneath the epidermis. Absent in monocot and roots
• Functions: Provide tensile strength, Mechanical support, Photosynthesis

A

Collenchyma

66
Q

• Cell shape: Variable in shape. Fibres and sclereids
• Cell wall: lignified secondary cell wall present
• Cytoplasm: absent
• Nucleus: Absent (dead tissue)
• Vacuoles: Absent
• Intercellular spaces: Absent
• Occurrences: Dicot hypodermic, bundle sheath, pericycle, seed, pulp of fruits
• Function: Protection from stress and strain, mechanical strength

A

Sclerenchyma

67
Q

• Outermost surface of a herbaceous stem, leaf and root.
• Uses:
– protection
– regulate exchange of materials
• Encrusted with cutin (cuticle)
• Contains guard cells, trichomes and root hairs.
• cutin inhibits the entry of CO2 needed for photosynthesis = plant’s starvation → pairs of guard cells with a hole (stomatal pore) between them to permit gas entry
• Guard + stomatal pore = stoma / stomata
• Stomatal pores is open during the daytime

A

Epidermis (Simple Dermal Parenchyma)

68
Q

serves as reservoir of water and ions

A

Accessory cells

69
Q

longitudinal rows of vacuolated cells

A

Bulliform cells

70
Q

for the elongation of the epidermal cell outward (trichome and root hairs)

A

Epidermal hair

71
Q

aka Epidermal Outgrowths/Hairs

A

Trichomes

72
Q

Functions:
- protection from insects and excessive sunlight
- aids in nutrient uptake
- spread of seeds

A

Trichomes

73
Q

can be made into threads, which is then woven into cloth

A

Cotton trichomes

74
Q

Aratiles – Muntingia calabura

A

Glandular Trichomes

75
Q

Lipa – Laportea meyeniana

A

Stinging Trichomes

76
Q

Velvet dock – Verbascumthapsus

A

Branching trichome

77
Q

Lipai – Mucuna pruriens

A

Bristle trichome

78
Q

Lingaro- Eleagnus philippinensis

A

Scale

79
Q

Mallotus- Mallotus philippinensis

A

Stellate

80
Q

Greatly increase the root’s surface area and efficiency of absorption

A

Epidermal hairs on roots

81
Q

• Outer covering woody stems and roots
• Cell wall impregnated with suberin
• Produced by the cork
cambium (secondary meristem)
• No intercellular spaces

A

Cork or Phellem
(simple dermal)

82
Q

Xylem and Phloem- Vascular Tissue

A

Complex Permanent Tissues

83
Q

Two complex tissues

A

• xylem
• phloem

84
Q

brings water and mineral salts from the roots to the rest of the plants.

A

xylem

85
Q

moves sugar and other organic nutrients(food)

A

Phloem

86
Q
  • consists of tracheids, vessels,
    xylem parechyma and xylem
    fibres
  • The tracheids and vessels
    help to transport water and minerals from roots to all part of the plant
  • Xylem parenchyma stores water and minerals.
  • Fibres help in support.
A

XYLEM

87
Q
  • consists of sieve tubes,
    companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.
  • The sieve tubes and companion cells transport food from leaves to all parts of the plant.
  • Phloem parenchyma stores food.
  • Fibers help in support.
A

PHLOEM

88
Q
  • alive and active; vertical rows of elongated cells
  • Perforated end walls serve as strainer (sieve plate)
  • Walls are perforated with pits
  • No nucleus
  • Forms continuous connection of cytoplasm from the top to bottom
A

Sieve tube members

89
Q
  • small cells attached to the sieve cells
  • Nucleated
  • supply proteins to sieve tubes
  • Regulate the loading and unloading of carbohydrates from the sieve tubes
A

Companion cells

90
Q

(in plants) refers to the processes by which distinct cell types arise from precursor cells and become different from each other.

A

Differentiation

BOTAX (13 decks)

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