Plant Tissue Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
What is the study of tissues called?
A
Histology
2
Q
What is the primary focus of tissue organization in plants?
A
Stationery habit of plants
3
Q
How is plant tissue organization characterized?
A
Simple
4
Q
What is an example of a dead plant tissue?
A
Cork
5
Q
Where is growth confined in plants?
A
Certain areas
6
Q
Do plants grow continuously throughout their life?
A
Yes
7
Q
What type of energy requirement do plants have?
A
Less maintenance energy required
8
Q
What is the primary focus of tissue organization in animals?
A
Mobility of animals
9
Q
How is animal tissue organization characterized?
A
Complex
10
Q
Are most animal tissues living or dead?
A
Living
11
Q
What forms a tissue?
A
Group of cells that have similar structure combined together to perform a specific function
12
Q
Is growth in animals limited to certain areas?
A
No
13
Q
What happens to animal growth after reaching maturity?
A
Do not show further growth
14
Q
What does tissue organization cause in multicellular organisms?
A
Division of labour
15
Q
What effect does division of labour have on individual cells?
A
Decreases workload
16
Q
What is the basic unit of life?
A
Cell
17
Q
What is formed by a group of cells?
A
Tissue
18
Q
What is formed by a group of tissues?
A
Organs
19
Q
What is formed by a group of organs?
A
Organ System
20
Q
What is the highest level of organization in biological systems?
A
Organism
21
Q
What is meristematic tissue?
A
Growing regions of plants (root, shoot, etc.)
Meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth of plants.
22
Q
What is the shape of meristematic cells?
A
Spherical, oval or rectangular
23
Q
Are vacuoles present in meristematic tissue?
A
Absent
24
Q
Do meristematic cells have intercellular spaces?
A
Absent
25
What characterizes the cytoplasm of meristematic cells?
Dense
26
What is the composition of the cell wall in meristematic tissue?
Cellulose
27
What type of nuclei do meristematic cells have?
Prominent
28
What is the primary function of meristematic tissue?
Cell division
29
Name the two types of meristematic tissue.
Apical meristem and lateral meristem
30
Where is apical meristem located?
Tips of roots and shoots
31
What type of growth is associated with apical and intercalary meristems?
Height growth
32
What type of growth is associated with lateral meristem?
Width growth
33
What is the function of intercalary meristem?
Increase length of leaves and internodes
34
What happens when cells lose the ability to divide?
They take a permanent shape, size, and function through differentiation
35
What are the characteristics of permanent tissue?
Structure: large central vacuoles; Cell wall: thin/thick; Function: protection, support, storage
36
Where is permanent tissue found?
Present beneath the bark, at the base of leaves/internodes, and at root apex
37
What is the primary function of guard cells?
Regulate the opening and closing of stomata
38
What are the two types of permanent tissue?
Simple and complex
39
What is protoderm?
Present in root and shoot apical meristems
40
What type of simple permanent tissue provides mechanical strength and flexibility?
Collenchyma Tissue
## Footnote
Occurrence: in leaf stalks and stem of dicots.
41
What is the cell structure of Collenchyma Tissue?
Living, elongated, irregularly thickened at corners, very little intercellular space.
42
What are the functions of Collenchyma Tissue?
* Provides mechanical strength
* Allows bending of parts
* Example: tendrils and stems of climbers.
43
What is the primary function of Parenchyma Tissue?
Food storage tissue.
44
What is Chlorenchyma?
Parenchyma tissue that contains chlorophyll.
45
What is Aerenchyma?
Loosely packed Parenchyma with intercellular airy spaces.
46
What is a unique property of Parenchyma Tissue?
Provides buoyancy to parts, helping them float.
47
What type of simple permanent tissue provides toughness?
Sclerenchyma Tissue.
48
Where is Sclerenchyma Tissue commonly found?
* Outer parts
* Bark
* Husk of coconut
* Veins of leaves.
49
What is the primary composition of Sclerenchyma Tissue?
Mostly made up of dead cells.
50
What are Sclereids?
Cells responsible for the hardness of seeds and the shell of walnuts.
51
Fill in the blank: Collenchyma Tissue allows _______ of parts.
bending.
52
True or False: Parenchyma Tissue is always dead.
False.
53
What is the role of intercellular spaces in Aerenchyma?
They provide buoyancy.
54
What type of cell wall is present in Sclerenchyma?
Lignified thick wall.
55
What is the significance of the middle lamella in plant cells?
It helps in cell adhesion.
56
What is the outermost layer of plant parts called?
Epidermis
## Footnote
The epidermis occurs in leaves, flowers, stems, and roots.
57
List two functions of the epidermis.
* Protects all parts of plants
* Prevents water loss
58
How does the epidermis differ in plants of dry habitats?
Thicker epidermis
59
What do epidermal cells on the aerial parts of plants secrete?
Waxy secretions
60
What is the layer of cutin known as?
Cuticle
## Footnote
Cuticle is a waxy material that is water resistant.
61
What are the functions of the cuticle?
* Aids in protection against water loss
* Aids against injury
* Prevents invasion of fungi
62
What type of tissue is cork classified as?
Dead tissue
63
Where does cork typically occur?
In mature roots and shoots
64
What do epidermal cells of the roots form to increase absorption?
Hair-like structures
65
What is the function of the hair-like parts on roots?
Increase absorption surface area
66
What type of cells are compactly arranged in phloem?
Phloem cells
67
What substance makes the walls of cactus plant cells impervious to gases?
Suberin
68
What are stomata and where are they formed?
Epidermal cells in leaves form stomata
69
What regulates gaseous exchange in stomata?
Guard cells
70
What shape are guard cells?
Kidney shaped
71
What happens during transpiration?
Loss of turgidity (wilting) and cooling of the plant body
72
What causes stomata to open?
Swollen guard cells
73
What is the process of water loss through hydathodes called?
Guttation
74
What happens to turgidity during guttation?
No effects on turgidity
75
When does guttation typically occur?
At night time
76
What is the outcome of transpiration during the daytime?
Cools the plant body
77
Fill in the blank: The layer of cutin aids in protection against _______.
[water loss, injury, invasion of fungi]
78
What is the primary function of complex permanent tissue?
Transport water, minerals, and food materials
## Footnote
Complex permanent tissue is made up of more than one type of cell.
79
Which type of vascular tissue conducts water and minerals from roots to shoots?
Xylem
## Footnote
Xylem is involved in unidirectional conduction.
80
What type of conduction does phloem tissue perform?
Bidirectional
## Footnote
Phloem conducts food in two directions.
81
What are the main components of phloem tissue?
* Sieve tubes
* Companion cells
* Phloem parenchyma
* Phloem fibers
## Footnote
Each component has specific functions in the conduction and support of food materials.
82
What type of cells are present in xylem tissue?
* Tracheids
* Vessels
* Xylem fibers
* Xylem parenchyma
## Footnote
Xylem fibers provide rigidity and support.
83
Fill in the blank: Xylem is primarily _______ in its function.
Unidirectional
## Footnote
Xylem conducts water and minerals from roots to shoots in one direction.
84
True or False: Phloem cells are all dead at maturity.
False
## Footnote
Phloem contains living cells such as companion cells and sieve tube elements.
85
What is the role of phloem parenchyma?
Food storage
## Footnote
Phloem parenchyma is involved in the storage of food materials.
86
What is the function of companion cells in phloem?
Support sieve tube elements
## Footnote
Companion cells are vital for the functioning of sieve tubes.
87
Fill in the blank: The conducting tissue of xylem is primarily responsible for _______.
Transporting water and minerals
## Footnote
Xylem transports these substances from the roots to the rest of the plant.
88
What type of tissue is the phloem considered?
Conducting tissue
## Footnote
Phloem is involved in the transport of nutrients throughout the plant.
