Plant Tissue

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of plant tissue?

Answer 1

Meristematic and Permanent

Question 2

What is the main difference between meristematic and permanent tissue?

Answer 2

Meristematic is capable of cell division, permanent is not

Question 3

What are the 2 main types of permanent tissue?

Answer 3

Simple and Complex

Question 4

Name the 2 types of complex permanent tissue

Answer 4

Xylem and Phloem

Question 5

Name the 4 types of simple permanent tissue

Answer 5

Epidermis
Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma
Collenchyma

Question 6

What are 3 plant tissue systems and what are they made up of?

Answer 6

Dermal - epidermis, periderm
Ground - Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
Vascular - xylem, phloem

Question 7

What are the 3 types of meristematic tissue and where are they found?

Answer 7

Apical - in buds and growing tips
Lateral - woody trees and plants
Intercalary - at base of young leaves and internodes

Question 8

What do the 3 types of meristematic tissue do?

Answer 8

Apical - is undifferentiated tissue to trigger growth of new cells
Lateral - grow thickness of plants/ trees
Intercalary - to lengthen stems and leaves

Question 9

Define dermal tissue

Answer 9

a single layer of cells forming boundary between the plant and outside world

Question 10

What is the main function of dermal tissue and where is it found?

Answer 10

Function = protection against water loss, regulation of gas exchange, secretion
Found: covering leaves, flowers, roots and stems

Question 11

What is the epidermis?

Answer 11

outermost layer of cells, usually transparent, lacking chloroplasts. It has a waxy layer that prevents water loss

Question 12

What 3 types of cells make up the epidermis tissue?

Answer 12

Pavement cells
Trichomes
Guard cells

Question 13

What adaptation does the root epidermis have and what does it do?

Answer 13

Root hairs - for water and nutrient absorption

Question 14

What makes up the stomata?

Answer 14

Stoma and guard cells

Question 15

What is the stoma

Answer 15

A pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange.

Question 16

What boarders a stoma?

Answer 16

A pair of guard cells

Question 17

What does the stomata do?

Answer 17

Facilitates gas exchange - allows O2, CO2 and water vapour in/out

Question 18

What is the periderm?

Answer 18

The outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants - the bark/ cork

Question 19

Why are epidermis layers needed?

Answer 19

To act as a barrier to fungi and other microorganisms and pathogens - for protection.

Question 20

Why are epidermal layers thin and transparent?

Answer 20

Allow for light to pass through, thereby allowing for photosynthesis in the tissues below.

Question 21

What is the function of lead trichomes on epidermal tissue?

Answer 21

trap water in the area above the stomata and prevent water loss.

Question 22

Why is the adaptation of root hairs advantageous?

Answer 22

Root hairs maximise the surface area over which absorption of water from the soil can occur.

Question 23

Why is a waxy cuticle on the epidermis advantageous?

Answer 23

Prevents water loss from leaves

Question 24

What cells produce ground tissue?

Answer 24

Ground meristems

Question 25

What are the 3 types of ground tissue?

Answer 25

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Question 26

What is the parenchyma's function?

Answer 26

- Basic metabolic functions (respiration, photosynthesis & protein synthesis) - Storage – potatoes, fruits and seeds) - Wound healing and regeneration

Question 27

What is chlorenchyma?

Answer 27

A specialised parenchyma in plant leaves and green shoots - function to support and provide elasticity to stem surface and leaf veins.

Question 28

Describe the structure of the parenchyma

Answer 28

Round in shape uniformly thin walls Live at maturity Have large vacuoles

Question 29

What are 3 adaptations of parenchyma?

Answer 29

Large vacuoles for storage and support Differentiated chlorenchyma can perform photosynthesis and store starch Have thin walls for rapid diffusion

Question 30

Describe the structure of collenchyma

Answer 30

Elongated, unevenly thick walls | Alive at maturity

Question 31

What is the collenchyma's function?

Answer 31

Provide structural support in shoots and leaves

Question 32

Where is the parenchyma found?

Answer 32

All parts of plant

Question 33

Where is the collenchyma found?

Answer 33

mainly in growing shoots and leaves

Question 34

Where is the Sclerenchyma found?

Answer 34

In the cortex of stems and leaves

Question 35

Describe the structure of the Sclerenchyma

Answer 35

Has tick, lignified secondary walls Lacks protoplasts Dead at maturity

Question 36

What is the sclerenchyma's function?

Answer 36

To prove strength and support

Question 37

Describe the 2 types of sclerenchyma tissue structures

Answer 37

Fibres - are generally long, slender cells, which commonly occur in strands or bundles Sclereids (stone cells) - are variable in shape and usually shorter than fibre cells. They make up the seed coats of seeds, the shells of nuts and the stone of stone fruits

Question 38

State which type of ground tissue is dead or living at maturity

Answer 38

Parenchyma - Live Collenchyma - Live Sclerenchyma - Dead

Question 39

What 2 factors make up the xylem?

Answer 39

Tracheids | Vessel Elements

Question 40

Describe the difference between primary and secondary xylem

Answer 40

Primary xylem – differentiates from procambium in the apical meristem and occurs throughout the plant body Secondary xylem – differentiates from vascular cambium and is commonly called wood

Question 41

What is the function of the xylem?

Answer 41

To transport water and dissolved minerals around the plant

Question 42

What is the function of the phloem?

Answer 42

Transports sugar, proteins and minerals around the plant

Question 43

What are the types of vascular tissue?

Answer 43

Xylem | Phloem

Question 44

What is the difference between primary and secondary phloem?

Answer 44

- Primary phloem – differentiate from procambium and extends throughout the primary body of the plant - Secondary phloem – differentiates from vascular cambium and constitutes the inner layer of the bark (periderm)

Question 45

Are vascular tissue living or non-living?

Answer 45

Non-living

Question 46

What forms vascular rays and what is their function?

Answer 46

Living parenchyma cells between xylem - transports water to the cortex of the stem

Question 47

Describe the structure of xylem tracheids

Answer 47

long, tapering cells with pits in walls for water to pass in/out - the only water conducting cells in most woody, non flowering plants

Question 48

Describe the structure of xylem vessel elements

Answer 48

occur in several groups of plants, including angiosperm – have a larger diameter than tracheids and no wall end – stacked end-on-end to form tube network

Question 49

What 4 types of cell are found in the phloems of flowering plants?

Answer 49

Sieve tube members Companion cells Fibres Parenchyma

Question 50

What is the main difference between xylem and phloem transportation?

Answer 50

Xylem only flows from roots upwards | Phloem can transport sugars up and down the plant

Question 51

What is transpiration

Answer 51

The exhalation of water vapour through the stomata

Question 52

Which type of ground tissue is responsible for wound healing and regeneration?

Answer 52

Parenchyma

Question 53

Which type of ground tissue lacks protoplasts?

Answer 53

Sclerenchyma

Question 54

Fibres and Sclereids are types of which ground tissue?

Answer 54

Sclerenchyma

Question 55

Which ground tissue is found in the cortex of stems and leaves

Answer 55

Sclerenchyma

Question 56

Which ground tissue is found mainly in growing shoots and leaves?

Answer 56

Collenchyma

Question 57

Which ground tissue provides structural support in shoots and leaves?

Answer 57

Collenchyma