PLANT TISSUES AND PLANT BODY

Question 1

Do not develop persistent woody parts above-ground. Herbaceous plants that grow, reproduce and die in 1 year or season.

Answer 1

HERBACEOUS ANNUALS

Question 2

Do not develop persistent woody parts above-ground. Herbaceous plants that take 2 years to complete their life cycle.

Answer 2

HERBACEOUS BIENNIALS

Question 3

During their first season, produce extra carbohydrates, which they store and use during their second year.

Answer 3

HERBACEOUS BIENNIALS

Question 4

Examples of biennials

Answer 4

Carrot, Cabbage and Queen Anne’s lace

Question 5

Examples of annuals

Answer 5

Corn, Geranium and Marigold.

Question 6

Do not develop persistent woody parts
above-ground. Live for more than 2 years. In temperate climates, the aerial shoots die back each winter.

Answer 6

Herbaceous Perennials

Question 7

In tropical climates, the aerial parts die back and
underground parts become dormant during the dry
season. Example: Grass

Answer 7

Herbaceous Perennials

Question 8

Underground parts become dormant during winter
and send out new growth each spring. Example: Iris, Rhubarb, Onion, Asparagus

Answer 8

Herbaceous Perennials

Question 9

Develop persistent woody parts above-ground (trees
and shrubs). Some live for hundreds or thousands of years.

Answer 9

WOODY PERENNIALS

Question 10

Many trees attain massive sizes because they have
permanent woody stems that are the starting points
for new growth the following season.

Answer 10

WOODY PERENNIALS

Question 11

Roots branch exclusively through the soil, forming a
network that anchors the plant firmly in place and
absorbs water and dissolved minerals from the soil.

Answer 11

DARK, MOIST SOIL

Question 12

Leaves, the flattened organs for photosynthesis, are
attached regularly on the stem, where they absorb
the sunlight and atmospheric carbon dioxide used in
photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates.

Answer 12

ILLUMINATED, RELATIVELY DRY AIR

Question 13

• Aerial portion.
• Obtains sunlight and carbon dioxide for plant.
• Consists of vertical stem bearing leaves and in
  flowering plants, flowers and fruits that contain seeds.

Answer 13

Shoot System

Question 14

• Generally underground.
• Obtains water and dissolved minerals from plant.
• Usually anchors the plant firmly in place.

Answer 14

Root System

Question 15

All of the tissues of the plant body other than the vascular and
dermal tissues. The cell wall structures distinguish these tissues.

Answer 15

Ground Tissue System

Question 16

Simple tissue composed of parenchyma cells.

Answer 16

Parenchyma Tissue

Question 17

Found throughout the plant body and it’s the most common type of cell and tissue. Present in soft parts of plants, such as the edible part of an apple or a potato.

Answer 17

Parenchyma Tissue

Question 18

A plant cell that is relatively unspecialized, is thin walled, may contain chlorophyll and is typically loosely packed.

Answer 18

Parenchyma Tissue

Question 19

Have the ability to differentiate into other kinds of cells, particularly when a plant is injured. Xylem is severed.

Answer 19

Parenchyma Tissue

Question 20

Performs photosynthesis, storage and secretion.

Answer 20

Parenchyma Cells

Question 21

Simple tissue composed of collenchyma cells that is usually
elongated.

Answer 21

Collenchyma Tissue

Question 22

Flexible tissue that provides much of the support in soft, nonwoody plant organs.

Answer 22

Collenchyma Tissue

Question 23

_______ is a crucial function in plants, in part because it allows plant to grow upward, thus enabling them to compete with other plants for available sunlight in a plant crowded area.

Answer 23

Support

Question 24

The primary cell walls are unevenly thickened and are especially thick in the corners.

Answer 24

Collenchyma Tissue

Question 25

Not uniformly found throughout the plant and often occurs as long strands near stem surfaces and along leaf veins. Examples: The “_____" in a celery stalk (petiole).

Answer 25

Collenchyma tissue, strings

Question 26

Simple tissue composed of sclerenchyma cells.

Answer 26

Sclerenchyma Tissue

Question 27

Greek root word sclero which means

Answer 27

hard

Question 28

Specialized for structural support whose cells have both primary and secondary cell walls.

Answer 28

Sclerenchyma Tissue

Question 29

_____ - short cells that are variable in shape, are common in the shells of nuts and the stones of fruits, such as cherries and peaches.

Answer 29

Sclereids

Question 30

_____ – long, tapered cells that often occur in groups or clumps are particularly abundant in wood, inner bark and leaf ribs (veins) of flowering plants.

Answer 30

Fibers

Question 31

- Embedded in the ground tissue. - Main characteristic that separates vascular to nonvascular. - Transports needed materials throughout the plant via two complex tissues.

Answer 31

Vascular Tissue System

Question 32

Complex vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves and provides structural support.

Answer 32

Xylem

Question 33

In flowering plants, Xylem composed of four different cell types.

Answer 33

Parenchyma cells Fibers Vessel Elements Tracheids

Question 34

are also known as xylem parenchyma that performs storage functions.

Answer 34

Parenchyma cells

Question 35

cell that provides support

Answer 35

Fibers

Question 36

are water conducting cells present in flowering plants.

Answer 36

Vessel Elements

Question 37

are chief water-conducting cells in gymnosperms and seedless vascular plants such as ferns, are long, tapering cells located in patchers or clumps.

Answer 37

Tracheids

Question 38

Vessel elements - These are hollow, have holes in their end walls known as _______, or the end walls are entirely dissolved away.

Answer 38

Perforations

Question 39

Conducts food materials that is carbohydrates formed in photosynthesis throughout the plant and provides structural support.

Answer 39

Phloem

Question 40

In flowering plants, Phloem composed of four different cell types.

Answer 40

Parenchyma Fibers Sieve-tube Elements Companion cells

Question 41

through these, food materials are conducted in solution that is dissolved in water.

Answer 41

Sieve-tube Elements

Question 42

Cell’s end walls, called ________, have a series of holes through which cytoplasm extends from one sieve-tube element into the next.

Answer 42

sieve plates

Question 43

are adjacent to each sieve-tube element that assists in the functioning of the sieve-tube element.

Answer 43

Companion cells

Question 44

- Provides a protective covering over plant parts. - In herbaceous plants, it is a layer of cells called epidermis. - Woody plants initially produce an epidermis, but it splits apart as the plant increases in girth as a result of the production of additional woody tissues underneath the epidermis.

Answer 44

Dermal Tissue System

Question 45

Outermost tissue layer, composed primarily of relatively unspecialized living cells.

Answer 45

Epidermis

Question 46

Dispersed among these cells (Epidermis) are more specialized guard cells and outgrowths called _______.

Answer 46

Trichomes

Question 47

In most plants, consists of single layer of cells.

Answer 47

Epidermis

Question 48

They generally contain no chloroplasts, so light can penetrate into the interior tissues of stems and leaves.

Answer 48

Epidermal Cells

Question 49

Secretes a waxy layer called _______ over the surface of their walls; this has greatly restricted the loss of water from plant surface.

Answer 49

cuticle

Question 50

It facilitates the diffusion of carbon dioxide. It has tiny pores in the epidermis between two cells called guard cells.

Answer 50

Stomata

Question 51

Semi-permeable layer of bark. Replaces when woody plant begins to increase in girth, its epidermis sloughs off.

Answer 51

Periderm

Question 52

Produces and is protected by _______. Forms the protective outer bark of older stems and roots.

Answer 52

rhytidome

Question 53

Complex tissue composed mainly of cork cells and cork parenchyma cells.

Answer 53

Periderm

Question 54

are dead at maturity and their walls are heavily coated with a waterproof substance called suberin.

Answer 54

Cork cells

Question 55

are also called as phelloderm that function primarily in storage.

Answer 55

Cork parenchyma cells

Question 56

Plant growth involves three different processes:

Answer 56

cell division, cell elongation (the lengthening of a cell), and cell differentiation.

Question 57

is an essential part of growth that results in an increase in the number of cells.

Answer 57

Cell division

Question 58

an onion root cell, the vacuole increases in size __ to __ times during elongation.

Answer 58

30 to 150

Question 59

One difference between plants and animals is the ______ of growth.

Answer 59

location

Question 60

When plant grows, their cell divide only in specific areas called

Answer 60

meristems

Question 61

is an increase in the length of a plant.

Answer 61

Primary growth

Question 62

is an increase in the girth of a plant.

Answer 62

Secondary growth

Question 63

A protective layer of cells called the ______ covers the root tip.

Answer 63

root cap

Question 64

3 primary meristems

Answer 64

Protoderm Procambium Ground Meristem

Question 65

young, undifferentiated tissue of a root or stem that eventually develops into epidermis.

Answer 65

Protoderm

Question 66

meristematic tissue that eventually develops into xylem and phloem.

Answer 66

procambium

Question 67

meristematic tissue that gives rise to cortex, pith and ground tissue.

Answer 67

Ground Meristem

Question 68

is a layer of meristematic cells that forms a thin, continuous cylinder within the stem and root.

Answer 68

vascular cambium

Question 69

is a thin cylinder or irregular arrangement of meristematic cells in the outer bark region.

Answer 69

cork cambium