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Flashcards in Plant Transport Deck (34)
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1
Q

What do plants need to be transported

A

Transport system of a plant consists of specialised tissues to transport specific substances e.g in water it’s transported from the roots up the stem in the xylem .
In minerals, roots up the stem to leaves in the xylem.
In glucose transported from the leaves to roots (no light no photosynthesis ) , young leaves and other growing points ( need energy ) in the phloem

2
Q

Example of a mineral

A

Magnesium , found in chloroplasts

3
Q

What are xylem like

A

Dead cells , thick rings of lignin to support the plants and stop it collapsing, cells walls are made of lignin , impermeable , it transports water and ions from roots to leaves up the plant

4
Q

Why are xylem lignified

A

Water proof strong

5
Q

What are phloem like

A

Living , cell walls are made of cellulose , it’s permeable , transports sugars and amino acids and materials carried from leaves to roots down the plant

6
Q

Where is xylem

A

In root makes an X in cross section closer to the inside

7
Q

What are phloem and xylem called

A

The vascular bundle

8
Q

Why does a plant not watered wilt

A

Cells lose water and become flaccid so the leaf is no longer upright and turgid.

9
Q

Why does a plant watered too much wilt

A

Roots need oxygen but thy are drowned can’t respire and die

10
Q

What happens if transpiration is stopped

A

No water exits no movement in xylem no uptake of minerals plants have nitrate deficiency and then yellow

11
Q

What are the different variables

A

Independent - change
Dependent - measure
-control - the same

12
Q

How do you calculate % change

A

Initial value. X 100

13
Q

What are root cells adapted to do

A

Adapted to get water and mineral ions into the plant through osmosis have a large surface area

14
Q

How to reduce transpiration

A

Stems instead of leaves minimises surface area reduces transpiration
Thick waxy skin reduces water loss through stomata
Round or hairy to stop wing reducing humidity or to trap water vapour outside the plant making it humid

15
Q

How does temperature effect transpiration

A

Increases because molecules have more kinetic energy

16
Q

How do atmospheric humidity levels affect transpiration

A

Decrease , concentration gradient air has more water vapour slower rates

17
Q

Stomata density

A

Increase more stomata more places for water to get out

18
Q

Thickness of waxy cuticle

A

Decrease thickness makes it harder for water vapour to get out

19
Q

Wind speed

A

Increase wind moves water vapour away increasing concentration gradient

20
Q

Why do plants need a transport system

A

Diffusion is to slow and does not meet their metabolic needs . Transport system takes substances into the middle of the organism where they can diffuse into cell

21
Q

Where are stomata

A

On lower surface

22
Q

How do stomata open

A

Water moves and causes them to swell opening the stomata and allow gas exchange and transpiration

23
Q

How does water get into plant

A

From soil osmosis into root hair cells providing water to the plant

24
Q

What is the evaporation of water known as

A

Transpiration

25
Q

Why do roots have hairs

A

Increase surface area

26
Q

Why do roots have solutes dissolved in them

A

Have concentration gradients so water can go from soil to root so root has a low water water potential

27
Q

Why are roots shaped like that

A

Long thin outer projection of the root cell or treated between soil particles reaching the soil water

28
Q

Where is epidermis

A

Surrounds stomata covered in waxy cuticle impermeable to water

29
Q

How does water pass out of leaves

A

Diffusss out As water vapour through stomata . Water leaves cells of the leaf mesothelioma and evaporates into the air spaces between the spongy Mesophyll cells

30
Q

What is the transpiration stream

A

Supplies water from the leaf cells to carry out photosynthesis
Carries mineral ions dissolved in the water
Provides water keeps the pant cells tithi
Allow evaporation from the leaf surface which cools the leaf

31
Q

Do phloem and xylem have cytoplasm

A

Phloem yes , it is a sieve tube , xylem no

32
Q

Why are stomata on the lower surface

A

If they were on upper leaf surface leaf would loose to much water because the stomata are exposed to direct sunlight which produces a high rate evaporation. Also less air movement on the underside of leaves

33
Q

How does light intensity affect transpiration

A

Opening of stomata in light

34
Q

How do minerals enter the cell

A

By active transport