Plantations Flashcards
(5 cards)
Tell me about the plantations
1: The Plantations were a series of events in which the English sought to extend their control over Ireland by replacing the Irish landowners with settlers. These Plantations were the result of rebellions against English rule. The aim was to confiscate Irish land and settle English or Scottish settlers to strengthen English control. Between the 1550s and the 1650s, four major Plantations took place: the Plantation of Laois and Offaly, the Plantation of Munster, the Plantation of Ulster, and the Cromwellian Plantation. Each of these was connected to a specific Irish rebellion against English authority.
Tell me about the Laois Offaly plantation
2: The Plantation of Laois and Offaly took place in 1556, following the rebellion of the O’Moores and the O’Connors in 1553. Queen Mary ordered the Plantation in response to the rebellion, which had threatened English control in the area. The English began pushing the O’Moores and O’Connors back to the river building forts on their land to control them. The land was granted to English and Scottish settlers, who were required to build houses, set up and villages, and follow English farming methods. The settlers could not mix with or marry the Irish_. The plantation had limitedsuccess, as the O’Moores and O’Connors continued to resist, and the settlers faced difficulties attracting workers from England, relying instead on Irish labourers.
Tell me about the Munster plantation
3: The Plantation of Munster took place in 1586, following the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond in 1579. Queen Elizabeth ordered the Plantation after the suppression of the rebellion, which had been partly motivated by religious reasons with the Earl seeking to defend Catholicism. The land of Munster was divided into 4,000-12,00p large holdings, which were granted to English army officers, government officials, and favourites of the Queen, including Sir Thomas. The plan was for settlers, known as “Undertakers,” to bring English workers, implement English farming methods, and maintain an army for protection. Despite the efforts, the Plantation largely failed, as the land was damaged by famineand Irish resistance led many settlers to abandon the area.
Tell me about the ulster plantation
4: The Plantation of Ulster began in 1609, following the defeat of the Irish leaders, (O’Neill) and (O’Donnell), in the Nine Years’ War (1594-1603).The Treaty of Mellifront in 1603 led to the Flight of the Earls in 1607, leaving Ulster open to English confiscation. King(ruler) organised the Plantation by dividing the land among English and Scottish settlers. The settlers were divided into three groups: (group), who had to bring British tenants and build fortifications;(group), who were allowed to take Irish tenants; and (group), who were loyal Irish receiving land for supporting the Crown. The Plantation aimed to secure English control over the region, creating new towns such as Donegal and Derry The Plantation of Ulster led to a Protestant majority in the area,
creating long-lasting religious tensions.
Tell me about the Cromwell plantation
5: The Cromwellian Plantation took place in 1652, after the rebellion in Ulster in 1641. The rebellion, which involved the killing of over
(number) settlers, sparked outrage in
(country), particularly among Protestants. Oliver
(ruler) used this
as a pretext to invade Ireland, seeking revenge for the massacre. In 1649, Cromwell’s army captured Drogheda, leading to a massacre that paved the way for his conquest of Ireland. By 1652, after years of warfare, famine, and plague, Ireland was devastated. Many Irish soldiers were sent overseas, and Irish women and children were sold as
(commodity) to
work in the West Indies. Cromwell’s government confiscated land from Irish landowners and gave it to English and Scottish settlers, as well as the “adventurers” who financed his campaigns.
A detailed survey of the country, known as the “ (survey name),” was carried out to map the land for distribution. Under the Act of Settlement in 1652, Irish landowners who couldn’t prove loyalty to the English parliament were forced to move. This Plantation led to the formation of the Protestant Ascendancy, which controlled much of Ireland’s land for centuries.
