plants Flashcards
what is photosynthesis
chemical process where plants and algae use the energy from the sunlight to make glucose
equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water arrow with light on top glucose + oxygen
4 things needed for photosynthesis
sunlight, water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, chlorophyll
4 adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis
big surface area for absorbing sunlight, chloroplasts mostly near the top of the leaf for more light, veins to deliver the water to the cells, stomata for gas exchange,
what do roots absorb
minerals and water
parts of a flower
stamens - anther which contains pollen and produces male sex cells, supported by filament
carpels - stigma, style, ovary which contains ovules and stores female sex cells
petals can attract insects
sepals which protects the flower in the bud
what is pollination
the transfer of pollen from stamen to stigma
insect pollinated
bright petals, scented sugary flowers, anthers inside flower, sticky stigmas take pollen from insects
wind pollinated
dull petals, no scents, exposed anthers on long filaments, feathery stigmas catch pollen
what is fertilisation
when two sex cells nuclei join together
process of fertilisation
the bee with the pollen lands on the stigma and drops it, the style grows a pollen tube which the male sex cells nucleus travels down to then meet the female sex cell nucleus in the ovule
what forms from a fertilized ovule
a seed
seed inside
embryo plant, hard coat, food store used by embryo plant to start growing when the conditions are right
why do seeds disperse
so they can grow with less competition from each other
4 ways seeds can disperse
wind dispersal-fly away with wings, parachutes, helicopter like wings
explosion-seeds flick out
animal dispersal-seed gets eaten by animals and animals poo it out then the seed gets blown away
drop snd roll-some big seeds get knocked over and breaks then rolls away
