Plants

Question 1

apical meristem

Answer 1

the growing point in a vascular plant at the tip of a shoot or root where cell division occurs

Question 2

diplontic

Answer 2

describes a life cycle in which the diploid
stage is the dominant stage

Question 3

gametangium

Answer 3

(plural: gametangia) the structure within
which gametes are produced

Question 4

gametophyte

Answer 4

the haploid plant that produces gametes

Question 5

haplodiplontic

Answer 5

describes a life cycle in which the haploid and diploid stages alternate; also known as an alternation of generations life cycle

Question 6

haplontic

Answer 6

describes a life cycle in which the haploid
stage is the dominant stage

Question 7

heterosporous

Answer 7

having two kinds of spores that give rise to male and female gametophytes

Question 8

homosporous

Answer 8

having one kind of spore that gives rise to
gametophytes that give rise to both male and female gametes

Question 9

nonvascular plant

Answer 9

a plant that lacks vascular tissue formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients

Question 10

sporangium

Answer 10

(plural: sporangia) the organ within which
spores are produced

Question 11

sporophyte

Answer 11

the diploid plant that produces spores

Question 12

syngamy

Answer 12

the union of two gametes in fertilization

Question 13

vascular plant

Answer 13

a plant in which there is a network of cells that conduct water and solutes through the organism

Question 14

What characteristic of Charales would enable
them to survive a dry spell?

1. sperm with flagella
2. phragmoplasts
3. sporopollenin
4. chlorophyll a

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Which one of these characteristics is present in land plants and not in Charales?

1. alternation of generations
2. flagellated sperm
3. phragmoplasts
4. plasmodesmata

Answer 15

A

Question 16

To an alga, what is the main advantage of
producing drought-resistant structures?

Answer 16

It allows for survival through periodic droughts and colonization of environments where the supply of water fluctuates.

Question 17

streptophytes

Answer 17

group that includes green algae and land
plants

Question 18

The event that leads from the haploid stage to
the diploid stage in alternation of generations is
________.
1. meiosis
2. mitosis
3. fertilization
4. germination

Answer 18

C

Question 19

The land plants are probably descendants of
which of these groups?
1. green algae
2. red algae
3. brown algae
4. angiosperms

Answer 19

A

Question 20

Moss is an example of which type of plant?
1. haplontic plant
2. vascular plant
3. diplontic plant
4. seed plant

Answer 20

A

Question 21

What adaptations do plants have that allow them to survive on land?

Answer 21

The sporangium of plants protects the spores from drying out. Apical meristems ensure that a plant is able to grow in the two directions required to acquire water and nutrients: up toward sunlight and down into the soil. The multicellular embryo is an important adaptation
that improves survival of the developing plant in dry environments. The development of molecules that gave plants structural strength allowed them to grow higher on land and obtain more sunlight. A waxy cuticle prevents water loss from aerial surfaces.

Question 22

extant

Answer 22

still living, still existing

Question 23

phyla

Answer 23

taxonomic category

Question 24

taxon

Answer 24

name given to a group of one or more populations of a given species. not every taxon is equal to the name of a species specifically

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the moss life cycle is false? 1. The mature gametophyte is haploid. 2. The sporophyte produces haploid spores. 3. The rhizoid buds to form a mature gametophyte. 4. The zygote is housed in the venter.

Answer 25

C

Question 26

Which of the following structures is not found in bryophytes? 1. a cellulose cell wall 2. chloroplast 3. sporangium 4. root

Answer 26

D -- has rhizoids but no roots. roots = vascular = developed/evolved. By definition Bryophytes are the closest extant relatives to early terrestial plants

Question 27

Stomata appear in which group of plants? 1. Charales 2. liverworts 3. hornworts 4. mosses

Answer 27

C

Question 28

The chromosome complement in a moss protonema is: 1. 1n 2. 2n 3. 3n 4. varies with the size of the protonema

Answer 28

A

Question 29

Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra? 1. They grow better at cold temperatures. 2. They do not require moisture. 3. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces. 4. There are no herbivores in the tundra.

Answer 29

C

Question 30

In areas where it rains often, mosses grow on roofs. How do mosses survive on roofs without soil?

Answer 30

Mosses absorb water and nutrients carried by the rain and do not need soil because they do not derive much nutrition from the soil.

Question 31

What are the three classes of bryophytes?

Answer 31

The bryophytes are divided into three phyla: the liverworts or Hepaticophyta, the hornworts or Anthocerotophyta, and the mosses or true Bryophyta

Question 32

capsule

Answer 32

case of the sporangium in mosses

Question 33

gemma

Answer 33

(plural, gemmae) leaf fragment that spreads for asexual reproduction -- liverworts speciefically

Question 34

hornworts

Answer 34

group of non-vascular plants in which stomata appear ( abundant) + have horn-like sporophytes

Question 35

liverworts

Answer 35

most primitive group of the non-vascular plants - + deets

Question 36

mosses

Answer 36

group of bryophytes in which a primitive conductive system appears

Question 37

peristome

Answer 37

tissue that surrounds the opening of the capsule and allows periodic release of spores -- dont get confused with sporellenin

Question 38

protonema

Answer 38

tangle of single celled filaments that forms from the haploid spore before developing into gametophyte for mosses -- it hugs the ground

Question 39

rhizoids

Answer 39

anchors the plant and conducts water (present especially in lower plants) – located on the underside of the thallus - small hairlike structure, filamentous - ancestors to roots

Question 40

seta

Answer 40

stalk that supports the capsule in mosses

Question 41

Lower plants

Answer 41

plants that have simple structure and reproductive processes -- Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)

Question 42

sporophylls vs strobili

Answer 42

sporophylls: leaves that are sturcutred to bear sporangia [entity that produces spores] strobili: entity that harbours sporangia sporophyl = the leaf -- strobilli = ontop of the leaf

Question 43

Which is the most diverse group of seedless vascular plants? 1. the liverworts 2. the horsetails 3. the club mosses 4. the ferns

Answer 43

d

Question 44

Which group are vascular plants? 1. liverworts 2. mosses 3. hornworts 4. ferns

Answer 44

D

Question 45

How did the development of a vascular system contribute to the increase in size of plants?

Answer 45

It became possible to transport water and nutrients through the plant and not be limited by rates of diffusion. Vascularization allowed the development of leaves, which increased efficiency of photosynthesis and provided more energy for plant growth.

Question 46

phloem

Answer 46

the vascular tissue responsible for transport of sugars, proteins, and other soluteS

Question 48

sporophyll

Answer 48

a leaf modified structurally to bear sporangia

Question 49

xylem

Answer 49

the vascular tissue responsible for long- distance transport of water and nutrients

Question 50

Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms? 1. The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves. 2. Reproductive structures are located in a flower. 3. After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit. 4. The gametophyte is longest phase of the life cycle.

Answer 50

A

Question 51

Megasporocytes will eventually produce which of the following? 1. pollen grain 2. sporophytes 3. male gametophytes 4. female gametophytes

Answer 51

D

Question 52

What is the ploidy of the following structures: gametophyte, seed, spore, sporophyte? 1. 1n, 1n, 2n, 2n 2. 1n, 2n, 1n, 2n 3. 2n, 1n, 2n, 1n 4. 2n, 2n, 1n, 1n

Answer 52

B

Question 53

integument

Answer 53

Layer of sporophyte tissue that surrounds the megasporangium, and later, the embryo

Question 54

megasporocyte

Answer 54

megaspore mother cell; larger spore that germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

Question 55

microsporocyte

Answer 55

microsporocyte

Question 56

If a flower lacked a megasporangium, what type of gamete would not form? If the flower lacked a microsporangium, what type of gamete would not form?

Answer 56

Without a megasporangium, an egg would not form; without a microsporangium, pollen would not form.

Question 57

Which of the following structures in a flower is not directly involved in reproduction? 1. the style 2. the stamen 3. the sepal 4. the anther

Answer 57

C

Question 58

Pollen grains develop in which structure? 1. the anther 2. the stigma 3. the filament 4. the carpel

Answer 58

A

Question 59

In the course of double fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with the egg and the second one fuses with ________. 1. the synergids 2. the polar nuclei of the center cell 3. the egg as well 4. the antipodal cells

Answer 59

B

Question 60

What are the two structures that allow angiosperms to be the dominant form of plant life in most terrestrial ecosystems?

Answer 60

Angiosperms are successful because of flowers and fruit. These structures protect reproduction from variability in the environment.

Question 61

anther

Answer 61

sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced

Question 62

carpel

Answer 62

single unit of the pistil -- unit of female reproduction

Question 63

perianth

Answer 63

part of the plant consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) -- sterile