Plants

Question 1

What are plant spores?

Answer 1

Plant spores are reproductive cells that can develop into new plants without fertilization, characteristic of ferns, mosses, and some algae.

Question 2

Which group of plants grow as filaments or colonies?

Answer 2

Algae

Question 3

Name the two minerals essential to plant growth.

Answer 3

Nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 4

What is the scientific name of the moss group?

Answer 4

Bryophyta

Question 5

What is the scientific name of the vascular group of plants?

Answer 5

Tracheophyta

Question 6

What is the scientific name of the fern group?

Answer 6

Pteridophyta

Question 6

Which plant group has flowers?

Answer 6

Angiosperms

Question 7

What is the male portion of the flower called?

Answer 7

Stamen

Question 8

Which plant group has naked seeds in pine cones?

Answer 8

Gymnosperms

Question 9

What is the female portion of the flower called?

Answer 9

Pistil

Question 10

What are the structures within the male portion of the flower? What are their functions?

Answer 10

The male portion (stamen) consists of anther (produces pollen) and filament (supports anther) for pollen production and dispersal.

Question 11

What are the structures within the female portion of the flower? What are their functions?

Answer 11

The female portion (pistil) consists of a stigma (receives pollen), style (connects the stigma to the ovary), and ovary (contains ovules) for pollen reception, pollen tube growth, and seed development.

Question 12

What’s the difference between sepals and petals?

Answer 12

Sepals are typically green, leaf-like structures found at the base of a flower. They protect the flower bud before it opens. Petals are usually colorful and are found inside the sepals. They are often the most visually striking part of the flower and serve to attract pollinators.

Question 13

Name the upper thick portion of the stem that supports the flower.

Answer 13

Peduncle

Question 14

Why do plant seeds become dormant?

Answer 14

Plant seeds become dormant to survive unfavorable conditions such as drought, cold temperatures, or lack of sunlight.

Question 15

What causes plant seeds to germinate?

Answer 15

Plant seeds germinate in response to favorable environmental conditions such as moisture, warmth, and oxygen.

Question 16

What is the difference between annuals and perennials?

Answer 16

Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, while perennials live for multiple years, often regrowing each spring.

Question 17

Which plants are non-vascular?

Answer 17

Non-vascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Question 18

What does Xylem do?

Answer 18

The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is composed of several types of cells, including vessel elements and tracheids, which are hollow structures that facilitate the flow of water. Xylem also provides structural support to the plant.

Question 19

What does Phloem do?

Answer 19

The phloem is responsible for transporting sugars, amino acids, and other organic compounds produced through photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant, such as the roots and growing tissues. Phloem is made up of sieve tubes, which are long, narrow cells that are connected end-to-end to form sieve tubes. These cells are specialized for the efficient transport of nutrients.

Question 20

Identify the outer tissue layer of plants and include its main function.

Answer 20

The outer tissue layer of plants is called the epidermis. Its main function is to protect the plant from water loss, disease, and physical damage.

Question 21

Define plant transpiration; where does this occur?

Answer 21

Plant transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the plant through evaporation from the leaves and other aerial parts, such as stems and flowers. This process mainly occurs through small openings on the surface of leaves called stomata.

Question 21

Identify the middle tissue layer of plants (just inside the outer layer) and include its main function.

Answer 21

The middle tissue layer of plants, just inside the epidermis, is called the cortex. Its main function is to store and transport nutrients and water throughout the plant.

Question 22

Where does absorption occur in a plant?

Answer 22

Absorption in plants primarily occurs through the roots. The root hairs, which are tiny extensions of root epidermal cells, are responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.

Question 23

Identify three functions of plant stems.

Answer 23

1. Support: Stems provide structural support to the plant, holding up the leaves, flowers, and fruits and helping them access sunlight for photosynthesis.
2. Transport: Stems contain vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport water, nutrients, and sugars between the roots and the rest of the plant.
3. Storage: Stems can store water, nutrients, and food reserves, such as starches and sugars, which can be used during times of growth or drought.

Question 24

Identify two functions of plant leaves

Answer 24

Photosynthesis, Gas Exchange

Question 25

Define homeostasis

Answer 25

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Question 26

How do the stomata and guard cells maintain homeostasis of leaves?

Answer 26

Stomata and guard cells help maintain homeostasis in leaves by regulating gas exchange (CO2 uptake, O2 release) and water loss through transpiration.

Question 27

Explain what happens when the stomata of leaves are open and what happens when the stomata are closed.

Answer 27

When stomata are open, gas exchange occurs (CO2 in, O2 out) for photosynthesis. Water vapor escapes. When closed, gas exchange stops, conserving water but limiting photosynthesis.

Question 28

What is Gravitropism?

Answer 28

Response to gravity. Roots exhibit positive gravitropism, growing downwards, while stems show negative gravitropism, growing upwards.

Question 29

What is Phototropism?

Answer 29

Growth in response to light. Stems grow toward light (positive phototropism), while roots grow away from light (negative phototropism).

Question 30

What is Thigmotropism

Answer 30

Response to touch or contact. Some vines exhibit thigmotropism, growing towards a support structure when they make contact.

Question 31

What is Chemotropism

Answer 31

Response to chemicals. Pollen tubes exhibit chemotropism, growing towards ovules guided by chemical signals.

Question 32

What does the cambium do?

Answer 32

Make new phloem and xylem

Question 33

What tissue is in the region of the root just above the root cap?

Answer 33

Meristematic

Question 34

Name the parts of the carpel

Answer 34

Stigma, Style, Ovary, Ovules

Question 35

Photosynthesis needs?

Answer 35

(CO2), (H2O), and Sunlight

Question 36

The main function of the cuticle is?

Answer 36

Prevent water loss