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bio 152 > Plants 2 > Flashcards

Plants 2 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

properties of water

A

-hydrogen bonding (liquid at room temp/ high heat capacity)
-cohesion and adhesion (move up, create high surface tension, etc)
- Universal solvent

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2
Q

plant water transport methods

A

diffusion, mass flow, osmosis

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3
Q

diffussion

A

random movement of molecules from a high to low concentration
*membrane not required

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4
Q

mass flow

A

large distance transport driven by pressure difference

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5
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane (low solute conc -> high solute conc)

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6
Q

water potential

A

parameter that combines effects of solute conc and pressure of the system

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7
Q

how to calculate water potential

A

pressure potential + solute potential

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8
Q

pressure potential

A

positive in all living cells

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9
Q

solute potential

A

more negative the higher the solute concentration

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10
Q

why don’t plant cells explode when a lot of water flows in

A

turgor pressure: water push against rigid cell wall

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11
Q

if a cell with a negative water potential is placed in pure water what will happen

A

water will flow into the cell

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12
Q

if a cell with a negative water potential is placed in a solution with a more negative potential what will happen

A

water moves out of the cell

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13
Q

what direction does water move in terms of water potenital

A

from number closer to 0 to number further from 0 (high-> low)

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14
Q

if 2 cells come in contact with different water potentials where will the water flow

A

to the cell with the more negative potential until equilibrium is reached.

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15
Q

transpiration

A

water evaporation through the stomata

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16
Q

pros of transpiration

A

allows stomata to remain open for CO2 diffusion in the cell

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17
Q

how much of cells water is used for transpiration

A

95%

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18
Q

vapor pressure

A

pressure exerted by a vapor hitting and bouncing back off of a liquid

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19
Q

vapor pressure and humidity

A

low humidity= low vapor pressure
high humidity= high vapor pressure

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20
Q

vapor pressure difference

A

he difference between the pressure of water vapor in saturated air (at 100% relative humidity inside the leaf) and the actual pressure of water vapor in the surrounding air at a given temperature

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21
Q

relative humidity

Study These Flashcards
A

partial pressure of water vapor/ saturated vapor pressure

22
Q

air vapor pressure/humidity impact on transpiration

Study These Flashcards
A

higher air vp (more humid) = increased transpiration rate

23
Q

Stomatal conductance

Study These Flashcards
A

amount the stomata are open

24
Q

how are stomata opened

Study These Flashcards
A

controlled by guard cells
*energy dependent process

25
mech for guard cells opening stomata
1) ATP made through photosynthesis/ respiration 2) protons pumped out of cell and ions move in increasing solute conc 3)osmosis brings water into the cell 4) cells swell up and open stomata
26
guard cells response to environmental cues: intercellular co2 conc
neg relationship: -stomata open when photosynthesis happening which uses up all CO2 right away (not stored) -stop photosynthesis, CO2 accumulated in cells
27
guard cells response to environmental cues: light intensity
pos relationship: -more sunlight -> faster photosynthesis -> need CO2 -> stomata open
28
guard cells response to environmental cues: soil moisture content
pos relationship: -more water access plant has the less they need to conserve water -> stomata open to get CO2
29
guard cells response to environmental cues: vapor pressure diff
neg relationship: -open in moist air (increased transpiration) -closed in dry air/ high vp difference to conserve water
30
guard cells response to environmental cues: leaf temp
pos then neg -warm up -> increase rate of photosynthesis -> open for CO2 -too hot -> guard cell membranes too fluid and cannot keep open
31
what determines transpiration rate if the stomata does not adjust/ stays open
vapor-pressure difference
32
xylem water transport
water movement from roots -> leaves ; pulled up through xylem tissue
33
xylem sap components
mostly pure water with >1mM amino acids/nutrients
34
water potential of xylem sap
water potential = pressure potential (since solute potential virtually zero_
35
what does water move through
tracheids and vessels in the xylem tissue
36
characteristics of tracheids and vessels
- dead at maturity -2 cell wall; strong to resist water pressure -elongated
37
water movement though a plant: structure
1 continuous network of vascular xylem tissue
38
role of adhesion in water movement
water holds onto cellulose microfibrils in cell wall matrix
39
role of cohesion in water movement
water hold onto other water molecules to hold up column of water
40
minisci
meniscus formed in between microfibrils touching air water interface
41
how is negative pressure created at the site of evaporation
evaporation from air-water interface -> steeper meniscus -> less hydrogen bonding Cell Wall response: form more H bonds -> pulls up meniscus -> neg pressure
42
cohesion tension theory
pressure potential gradient across plant pulls water from highest positive pressure -> most negative pressure (root -> leaf)
43
what part of the plant has a the most negative water potential
leaves
44
phloem transport
mass flow hypothesis: moves sugars from source -> sinks throughout plant in any direction
45
sugar sources
any photosynthetic organs (leaves, some stems) and storage cells with sugars
46
sugar sink
any organ needing sugar (roots, developing leaves, reproductive structures, stems, meristems)
47
how does sugar move through phloem
through sieve tubes/ sieve cells
48
sieve cells/tubes characteristics
- alive -cell membrane -only 1 cell wall -elongated -modified cytoplasm (only organelles are mitochondria and some ER) *allow transport through the middle
49
how do sieve cells function with no nucleus
companion cells nearby support them.
50
why are sugars easily transported
- impacts solute potentials -water soluble -very stable / easy to transport

bio 152 (7 decks)

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