plants

Question 1

lateral meristem that produces a tough protective covering for the surface of stems and roots.

Answer 1

cork cambium

Question 2

lateral meristem that produces new xylem and phloem cells in the stem and roots.

Answer 2

vascular cambium

Question 3

tough, protective layer of parenchyma cells that covers the tip of a root.

Answer 3

root cap

Question 4

cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata; regulate the flow of water vapor from leaf tissue.

Answer 4

guard cells

Question 5

nucleated cells that help transport sugars and other organic compounds through the sieve cells of the phloem.

Answer 5

companion cells

Question 6

hollow, tubular cells in the xylem; conduct water and dissolve minerals from the roots to the stem; have open ends through which water passes freely from cell to cell.

Answer 6

vessel elements

Question 7

anthophyte fertilization in which one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm joins with the central cell.

Answer 7

double fertilization

Question 8

in seed plants, structure in which the male gametophyte develops; consists of sperm cells, nutrients, and a protective outer covering.

Answer 8

pollen grain

Question 9

regions of actively dividing cells near the tips of roots and stems; allows roots and stems to increase in length.

Answer 9

apical meristem

Question 10

responsive movement of a plant not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.

Answer 10

nastic movement

Question 11

two nuclei in the center of the egg sac of a flowering plant that become the triploid (3n) endosperm when joined with a sperm during double fertilization.

Answer 11

polar nuclei

Question 12

plants that do not hav vascular tissues.

Answer 12

nonvascular plants

Question 13

plants that drop all of their leaves each fall or when water is scarce or unavailable; an adaptation for reducing water loss when water is unavailable.

Answer 13

deciduous plants

Question 14

plants that have vascular tissues; enables taller growth and survival on land.

Answer 14

vascular plants

Question 15

type of asexual reproduction in plants where a new plant is produced from existing plant organs or parts of organs.

Answer 15

vegetative reproduction

Question 16

tissues found in vascular plants composed of tubelike, elongated cells through which water, food, and other materials are transported throughout the plant; include xylem and phloem.

Answer 16

vascular tissues

Question 17

tubular cells in phloem; each cell lacks a nucleus.

Answer 17

sieve tube members

Question 18

a plant organ of seed plants consisting of an embryo, a food supply, and a protective coat; protects the embryo from drying out and also can aid in dispersal.

Answer 18

seed

Question 19

anthophyte that has a life span of two years.

Answer 19

biennial

Question 20

anthophyte that lives for one year or less.

Answer 20

annual

Question 21

anthophyte that lives for several years.

Answer 21

perennial

Question 22

any part of a plant that stores sugars produced during photosynthesis.

Answer 22

sink

Question 23

beginning of the development of an embryo into a new plant.

Answer 23

germination

Question 24

chemical produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part, where it causes a physiological change.

Answer 24

hormone

Question 25

class of anthophytes that have one seed leaf.

Answer 25

monocotyledon

Question 26

class of anthophytes that have two seed leaves.

Answer 26

dicotyledon

Question 27

clusters of sporangia usually found on the surface of fern fronds.

Answer 27

sorus

Question 28

compact cluster of sporebearing leaves produced by some non-seed vascular plants.

Answer 28

strobilus

Question 29

plants that flower over a range in the number of daylight hours.

Answer 29

day-neutral plants

Question 30

embryonic root of an anthophyte embryo; the first part of the young sporophyte to emerge during germination.

Answer 30

radicle

Question 31

female reproductive organ of a flower.

Answer 31

pistil

Question 32

female reproductive structure in which eggs develop.

Answer 32

archegonium

Question 33

fern gametophyte.

Answer 33

prothallus

Question 34

flowering plant response to differences in the length of day and night.

Answer 34

photoperiodism

Question 35

food storage tissue in an anthophyte seed that supports development of the growing embryo.

Answer 35

endosperm

Question 36

group of hormones that stimulate mitosis and cell division.

Answer 36

cytokinins

Question 37

group of plant hormones that cause plants to grow taller by stimulating cell elongation.

Answer 37

gibberellins

Question 38

growth response of a plant to an external stimulus.

Answer 38

tropism

Question 39

hairlike projections that extend from a plant's epidermis; help reduce water evaporation and may provide protection from herbivores.

Answer 39

trichomes

Question 40

haploid spore formed by some plants that develops into a female gametophyte.

Answer 40

megaspore

Question 41

haploid spore formed by some plants that develops into a male gametophyte.

Answer 41

microspore

Question 42

in coniferophytes; scaly structures that support male and female reproductive structures.

Answer 42

cones

Question 43

in ferns leaves that grow upward from the rhizome; often divided into pinnae that are attached to a central rachis.

Answer 43

frond

Question 44

in mosses, a small, green filament of haploid cells that develops from a spore; develops into the gametophyte.

Answer 44

protonema

Question 45

in plants, the bottom portion of a flower's pistil that contains one or more ovules each containing one egg.

Answer 45

ovary

Question 46

in plants, the layer of cells just within the endodermis that gives rise to lateral roots.

Answer 46

pericycle

Question 47

in plants, the loss of water through stomata.

Answer 47

transpiration

Question 48

in plants, the outmost layer of flattened cells that covers and protects all parts of the plant.

Answer 48

epidermis

Question 49

in plants, the stalk that joins the leaf blade to the stem.

Answer 49

petiole

Question 50

in seed plants, the sporophyte structure surrounding the developing female gametophyte; forms the seed after fertilization.

Answer 50

ovule

Question 51

layer of ground tissue in the roots that is involved in the transport of water and ions inot the vascular tissue of the root.

Answer 51

cortex

Question 52

leaflike flower organs, usually brightly colored structures at the top of a flower stem.

Answer 52

petals

Question 53

leaflike, usually green structures encircle the top of a flower stem below the petals.

Answer 53

sepals

Question 54

long, flexible plant cells with unevenly thickened cell walls; most common in actively growing tissues.

Answer 54

collenchyma

Question 55

plants that are induced to flower when the number of daylight hours is longer than its critical period.

Answer 55

long-day plants

Question 56

male reproductive organ of a flower consisting of an anther and a filament.

Answer 56

stamen

Question 57

male reproductive structure in which sperm develops.

Answer 57

antheridium

Question 58

most abundant type of plant cell; spherical cells with thin, flexible cell walls and a large central vocuole; important for storage and food production.

Answer 58

parenchyma

Question 59

movement of sugars in the phloem of a plant.

Answer 59

translocation

Question 60

openings in leaf tissues that control gas exchange.

Answer 60

stomata

Question 61

period of inactivity in a mature seed prior to germination.

Answer 61

dormancy

Question 62

photosynthetic tissue of a leaf.

Answer 62

mesophyll

Question 63

plant cells with thick, rigid cell walls; provide support for the plant and are a major component of vascular tissue.

Answer 63

sclerenchyma

Question 64

plant hormone that promotes the ripening of fruits.

Answer 64

ethylene

Question 65

plant organ that absorbs water and minerals usually from soil; conatins vascular tissues; anchors plants; can be a storage organ.

Answer 65

root

Question 66

plant organ that provides support and growth; contains tissues that transport food, water, and other materials; organ from which leaves grow.

Answer 66

stem

Question 67

pollen-producing structure located at the tip of a flower's stamen.

Answer 67

anther

Question 68

portion of the stem nearest the seed in a young plant.

Answer 68

hypocotyl

Question 69

protective, waxy coating on the outer surface of the epidermis of most stems and leaves; important adaptation in reducing water loss.

Answer 69

cuticle

Question 70

regions of actively dividing cells in plants.

Answer 70

meristems

Question 71

seed-containing ripened ovary of an anthophyte flower; may be fleshy or dry.

Answer 71

fruit

Question 72

a plant that is induced to flower when the number of daylight hours is shorter than its critical period.

Answer 72

short-day plant

Question 73

single layer of cells that forms a waterproof seal around a root's vascular tissue; controls the flow of water and dissolved minerals into the root.

Answer 73

endodermis

Question 74

structure of seed plant embryo that stores or absorbs food for the developing embryo.

Answer 74

cotyledons

Question 75

the opening in the ovule through which the pollen tube enters.

Answer 75

micropyle

Question 76

the plant organ that grows from a stem in which photosynthesis usually occurs.

Answer 76

leaf

Question 77

the young diploid sporophyte of a plant.

Answer 77

embryo

Question 78

thick, underground stem of a fern and other vascular plants; often functions as an organ for food storage.

Answer 78

rhizome

Question 79

tubular cells in the xylem that have tapered ends and are dead at maturity.

Answer 79

tracheids

Question 80

vascular plant tissue composed of tubular cells that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Answer 80

xylem

Question 81

vascular plant tissue made up of tubular cells joined end to end; transports sugars to all parts of the plant.

Answer 81

phloem