Plants

Question 1

Flower

Answer 1

Purpose of the flower is reproduction

Question 2

Leaf

Answer 2

Makes food for the plant, cools the plant , allows exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen and leaf stores food (e.g lettuce, cabbage, cress and spinach )

Question 3

Fruit

Answer 3

Protects seeds, provides food for seeds

Question 4

Bud

Answer 4

Allows new leaves and flowers to grow

Question 5

Stem

Answer 5

Allows transport of food, water and minerals around the plant. It also supports the plant and holds it upright. Stems store food (e.g potato)

Question 6

Roots

Answer 6

Anchor and support, take in water and nutrients, store food (e.g carrots and turnips)

Question 7

Transport in plants

Answer 7

There are vessels in a plant, the xylem and the phloem

Question 8

Xylem

Answer 8

Water is absorbed up through the roots and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem

Question 9

Phloem

Answer 9

Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem

Question 10

Transpiration

Answer 10

Is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

Are little holes on the underside of the leaves

Question 12

Transpiration stream

Answer 12

The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves

Question 13

Stimulus

Answer 13

Anything that causes a response in an organism

Question 14

Shoots tropism

Answer 14

Shoots/stems are positively phototropic, negatively geotropic

Question 15

Roots tropism

Answer 15

Roots are negatively phototropic, positively geotropic

Question 16

Why is geotropism good?

Answer 16

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil, having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

Question 17

Why is phototropism good?

Answer 17

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so they can make food

Question 18

Photosynthesis

Answer 18

The process where green plants make food using light energy

Question 19

Chlorophyll

Answer 19

Is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis

Question 20

How are leaves designed for photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Leaves are flat and thin so sunlight can get through them, leaves have tiny holes called stomata to allow oxygen out and carbon dioxide in

Question 21

Sepal

Answer 21

Protects the flower before it blooms

Question 22

Petals

Answer 22

Coloured and scented to attract insects

Question 23

Male parts

Answer 23

Stamen made up of filament and anther

Question 24

Filament

Answer 24

Holds up anther

Question 25

Anther

Answer 25

Makes pollen

Question 26

Female parts

Answer 26

Carpel, made up of stigma, style and ovary

Question 27

Ovary

Answer 27

Makes the egg or ovule (gamete)

Question 28

Stigma

Answer 28

Pollen lands and sticks to it

Question 29

Style

Answer 29

Makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)

Question 30

Pollination

Answer 30

Is the transfer of the pollen from the stamen (anther) of one plant to the carpel (stigma) of another, there are two types, insect pollination and wind pollination

Question 31

Fertilisation

Answer 31

The fusion of the male gamete nucleus with the female gamete nucleus to form a zygote

Question 32

Zygote

Answer 32

When the male and female nucleus fuse they form the zygote, zygote divides and develops into the plant embryo

Question 33

Plumule

Answer 33

Will be come the plant shoot

Question 34

Radicle

Answer 34

Will become the plant root

Question 35

Functions of the fruit

Answer 35

Protects the seeds, allows the seeds to be carried away from the plants and fruits provide food for the seed to develop

Question 36

Two types of fruit

Answer 36

Can be fleshy or dry, fleshy - strawberry, melon. Dry - sycamore seeds, dandelion

Question 37

Seed dispersal

Answer 37

The way plants spread their seeds around, need to be carried away from parent plant so they won’t compete for space, light, water and minerals

Question 38

Animal dispersal

Answer 38

Happens when fleshy fruits are eaten by animals or birds, seeds pass unharmed through the animal and come out in faeces somewhere else

Question 39

Wind dispersal

Answer 39

Happens when the seeds are carried on the wind

Question 40

Self dispersal

Answer 40

Some plants explode to release their seeds

Question 41

Water dispersal

Answer 41

When plants produce seeds to float away

Question 42

Germination

Answer 42

Growth of seeds into a new plant, seeds need water, oxygen and heat to germinate, the young plant initially gets its food from the seed, once the shoot develops green leaves, it can make its own food

Question 43

Asexual reproduction

Answer 43

Involves one parent , tulips make bulbs, which can be planted to make new plants, strawberry plants use runner

Question 44

Clone

Answer 44

Asexual reproduction results in an exact copy of the parent plant

Question 45

Cutting

Answer 45

Sometimes if a leaf or a piece of stem from a plant is cut off and planted it can grow into another plant e.g. geraniums

Question 46

Grafting

Answer 46

Joining the bud or stem of one plant to another well developed plant e.g fruit trees

Question 47

Micropropagation

Answer 47

Tissue culture. A small sample of tissue is taken from a plant and grown in a lab