Plants (9Ba, 9Bb, 9Bc)

Question 1

What does photosynthesis require?

Answer 1

Light, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll.

Question 2

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Answer 2

It absorbs light energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Question 3

What are some limiting factors in photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

Question 4

How can bubbles of oxygen indicate photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Bubbles are released during photosynthesis as a byproduct of oxygen production.

Question 5

What is the role of glucose in plants?

Answer 5

It is used for energy, growth, and storage.

Question 6

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 6

The release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen.

Question 7

Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis

Answer 7

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 8

Where is the energy from aerobic respiration transferred?

Answer 8

To ATP molecules for cellular activities.

Question 9

What happens to a plant if its roots are flooded with water?

Answer 9

The roots cannot absorb oxygen, leading to the plant’s death.

Question 10

How are roots adapted for water absorption?

Answer 10

By having branching structures and root hair cells with a large surface area.

Question 11

What do roots transport to the plant?

Answer 11

Water and dissolved mineral salts.

Question 12

What happens if a plant does not receive enough magnesium?

Answer 12

It cannot produce enough chlorophyll, leading to yellowing leaves.

Question 13

Why is potassium important for plants?

Answer 13

It helps regulate water absorption and transport.

Question 14

How are leaves adapted for light absorption?

Answer 14

They are broad and thin, with chloroplasts concentrated near the upper surface.

Question 15

What is the function of the waxy cuticle on leaves?

Answer 15

To reduce water loss.

Question 16

What is the role of palisade cells in photosynthesis?

Answer 16

They contain many chloroplasts to absorb light efficiently.

Question 17

Why are stomata typically found on the underside of leaves?

Answer 17

To reduce water loss.

Question 18

How does the arrangement of leaves on a plant prevent shading?

Answer 18

Leaves are arranged to minimize overlap and maximize light capture.

Question 19

What controls the opening and closing of stomata?

Answer 19

Guard cells.

Question 20

Why do stomata close at night?

Answer 20

To conserve water when photosynthesis is not occurring.

Question 21

How does temperature affect gas exchange in plants?

Answer 21

Higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion.

Question 22

What is starch, and how is it used in plants?

Answer 22

Starch is a polymer of glucose used to store energy.

Question 23

How can you test for starch in leaves?

Answer 23

By using iodine, which turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

Question 24

Why is starch broken down at night?

Answer 24

To provide energy for respiration when photosynthesis is not happening.

Question 25

What are lipids, and why are they important in plants?

Answer 25

Lipids are fats and oils used for energy storage, waterproofing, and making cell membranes.

Question 26

Give an example of a plant product rich in lipids.

Answer 26

Rapeseed oil or sunflower oil.

Question 27

What do plants need to make proteins?

Answer 27

Amino acids, which are made using nitrates absorbed from the soil.

Question 28

Name two functions of proteins in plants.

Answer 28

Enzymes for photosynthesis, respiration and growth.

Question 29

What resources are stored in seeds?

Answer 29

Starch, proteins, and oils.

Question 30

What triggers the germination process?

Answer 30

Water absorption, which activates enzymes.

Question 31

What is the role of amylase during germination?

Answer 31

It breaks down starch into glucose for energy.

Question 32

Why is oxygen needed during germination?

Answer 32

For aerobic respiration, which provides energy.

Question 33

_____ is needed to make photosynothesis happen

Answer 33

Light

Question 34

Where is chlorophyll found in plant cells?

Answer 34

Choroplasts

Question 35

What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 35

C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ energy)

Question 36

a) __________ only happens when there is light but b) ________ happens all of the time

Answer 36

a) photosynthesis b) respiration

Question 37

What do xylem vessels do vs phloem vessels?

Answer 37

Xylem vessels transport water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plant and also provide structural support. Phloem vessels transport dissolved substances, such as sucrose and amino acids, from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Question 38

What minerals do plants need to stay healthy?

Answer 38

Nitrogen (to make proteins) Magnesium (to make chlorophyll) Potassium (to absorb water properly)

Question 39

What happens if a plant does not get enough water?

Answer 39

It wilts

Question 40

Why are leaves thin?

Answer 40

SO that the carbon dioxide does not have to diffuse very far into the leaf before getting to cells

Question 41

What factors can affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 41

Higher temperatures Greater difference between the concentration of gas inside and outside of a leaf

Question 42

What polymers can glucose be converted into?

Answer 42

Starch (to store energy) Cellulose (used to make plant cells)