Plants & shet

Question 1

Gametophyte

Answer 1

An individual representing the phase in the alteration of generations (sexual phase)

Question 2

Sporophyte

Answer 2

An indiviual representing the phase in the alteration of generations (non-sexual phase)

Question 3

Vascular tissue

Answer 3

is comprised of the xylem and phloem, the main transports systems of plants

Question 4

xylem

Answer 4

a plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots

Question 5

phloem

Answer 5

a vascular tissue that conducts foods made in the leaves during photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant

Question 6

stomata

Answer 6

Cell structures in the epidermis of the tree leaves and needles that are involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and water between plants and the atmosphere

Question 7

cuticle

Answer 7

an extracelluar hydrophobic layer that covers the aerial epidernis of all land plants

Question 8

fronds

Answer 8

a large leaf with many divisions

Question 9

gymnosperms

Answer 9

a seed-producing plant that includes conifers, cycads,
gnetophytes and ginhgos

Question 10

angiosperms

Answer 10

plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits

Question 11

pinnate

Answer 11

having similar parts arranged on opposite sides of an axis like the barbs on the rachis of a feather

Question 12

epidermis

Answer 12

the outer layer of the two main layers of the skin

Question 13

monocots

Answer 13

a chiefly herbaccous angiosperm plant having an embryo with a single cotyledon

Question 14

dicots

Answer 14

an angiosperm plant having an embryo with two cotyledons

Question 15

what are the differences between vascular and non-vascular?

Answer 15

is that vascular plants contain specialized xylem and phloem tissues for the transportation of water and food, while non-vascular plants do not contain specialized vascular tissues for transport.

Question 16

what are the differences between anigosperms and gymnosperms?

Answer 16

Angiosperms, are also known as flowering plants and having seeds enclosed within their fruit. Whereas gymnosperms have no flowers or fruits and have naked seeds on the surface of their leaves. Gymnosperm seeds are configured as the cones.

Question 17

what are the differences betweeen dicots and monocots ?

Answer 17

If it is a single seed leaf, then it is categorised as monocots and if it is a pair of leaves then it is categorised as dicots

Question 18

why do mosses live in moist habitats? how does water help in reproduction?

Answer 18

Bryophytes also need a moist environment to reproduce. Their flagellated sperm must swim through water to reach the egg. So mosses and liverworts are restricted to moist habitats. There are no mosses in the desert.

Question 19

what is meant by the alteration of generations with regards to plant life cycles?

Answer 19

Alternation of generations means that plants alternate between two different life stages, or generations, in their life cycle; a haploid stage called gametophyte and a diploid stage called sporophyte. The terms haploid and diploid refer to the number of chromosomes contained in the cells

Question 20

describe the reproduction cycles of gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Answer 20

Though they both have sporophyte-dominated life cycles, angiosperms and gymnosperms differ in that angiosperms have flowers, fruit-covered seeds, and double fertilization, while gymnosperms do not have flowers, have “naked” seeds, and do not have double fertilization (more on this later).

Question 21

what are the 2 types of cones a gymnosperm has?

Answer 21

Gymnospems are also heterosporous. Furthermore, gymnosperms produce two different types of cones, namely, large female cones and small male cones.

Question 22

describe reproduction in flowering plants

Answer 22

Flowers reproduce by the process of pollination. The pollen grains are transferred from the anther of the male flower to the stigma of the female flower, enabling fertilization resulting in the production of seeds.

Question 23

why are vascular plants generally larger? what helped them to evolve to move onto land?

Answer 23

Vascular tissues provide structural stability that allows vascular plants (seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms) to grow much larger than the bryophytes.
In addition to vascular tissues, these early plants evolved other adaptations to life on land, including lignin, leaves, roots, and a change in their life cycle.

Question 24

why are seed plant so successful?

Answer 24

seeds provide the embryonic plant a food supply to promote growth while also protecting the developing plant embryo until conditions are right for growth.

Question 25

what are the characteristics of seed plants/seeds?

Answer 25

an embryo, stored food, and a seed coat. stops growing when it is quite small. When the embryo begins to grow again, it uses the food stored in the seed until it can make its food. In some plants, food is stored inside one or two seed leaves called cotyledons

Question 26

what is the difference primary growth v.s secondary growth?

Answer 26

The increase in length of the shoot and the root is referred to as primary growth. It is the result of cell division in the shoot apical meristem. Secondary growth is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant. It is caused by cell division in the lateral meristem.

Question 27

what are some key characterisits to various forest biomes? what makes a temperate deciduous forest different from a tropical forest?

Answer 27

Forest biomes are characterized by having high biodiversity, large populations of plant species, and a variety of animals that inhabit the ecosystems. There are three main types of forests: rainforest, temperature deciduous forest, and coniferous forest. experience the four seasons: summer, spring, autumn, and winter.

Question 28

define/explain the competition exclusion principle and niche

Answer 28

two species cannot coexist in the same ecological niche for very long without one becoming extinct or being driven out because of competition for limited resources.

Question 29

difference between layer in the forest? (canopy, understory, forest floor)

Answer 29

The canopy is home to 90% of the organisms found in the rain forest; many seeking the brighter light in the treetops. The forest floor receives less than 2% of the sunlight and consequently, little grows here except plants adapted to very low light.

Question 30

silviculture? what is it?

Answer 30

a branch of forestry dealing with the development and care of forests.

Question 31

what are the different method of foresty? what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? (clear-cutting, shelterwood system, selective cutting)

Answer 31

Uneven-aged stand or selection system; This is a specific way of organizing your forest. ... Timber stand improvement. This means removing trees to help achieve the owner’s objective for the stand, the most common goal being good quality lumber production. ... Coppice improvement

Question 32

what are products and bebefits that human get from forests?

Answer 32

timber, food, fuel and bioproducts. ecological functions such as carbon storage, nutrient cycling, water and air purification, and maintenance of wildlife habitat. social and cultural benefits such as recreation, traditional resource uses and spirituality.

Question 33

list and describe the reasons that sustainable forest important

Answer 33

People need forests for the resources they provide, and as a place to live or to make a living. Sustainable forestry ensures that future generations will have forests to meet their needs and values

Question 34

haploid

Answer 34

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 35

diploid

Answer 35

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 36

sperm/egg

Answer 36

Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm. Gametes are haploid cells, and each cell carries only one copy of each chromosome.

Question 37

spore

Answer 37

A spore is a cell that certain fungi, plants (moss, ferns), and bacteria produce. Spores are involved in reproduction. Certain bacteria make spores as a way to defend themselves. Spores have thick walls. They can resist high temperatures, humidity, and other environmental conditions

Question 38

zygote

Answer 38

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Question 39

bryophytes

Answer 39

traditional name for any nonvascular seedless plant—namely, any of the mosses (division Bryophyta), hornworts (division Anthocerotophyta), and liverworts (division Marchantiophyta).

Question 40

seed vs. spores

Answer 40

spores do not contain stored food resources and require more favorable conditions for the germination whereas seeds contain stored food in their endosperm

Question 41

tracheophytes

Answer 41

refers to the water-conducting cells (called tracheids, or tracheary elements) that show spiral bands like those in the walls of the tracheae, or air tubes, of insects

Question 42

cotyledon

Answer 42

the first leaf or one of the first pair or whorl of leaves developed by the embryo of a seed plant or of some lower plants (as ferns)

Question 43

pollen

Answer 43

a powder, produced by the male part of a flower, that causes the female part of the same type of flower to produce seeds. It is carried by insects or the wind.

Question 44

germination

Answer 44

the development of a plant from a seed or spore after a period of dormancy.