Plants, Water and Nutrients

Question 1

Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Question 2

What does turgid mean?

Answer 2

Full of water

Question 3

What happens when plant cells are turgid?

Answer 3

Vacuole and cytoplasm inside cell push against cell wall making the cells rigid so the plant can hold itself upright

Question 4

What is it called when plant cells lose their water?

Answer 4

Plasmolysed

Question 5

What happens when plant cells become plasmolysed?

Answer 5

Cell contents don’t push against call wall so cell loses rigidity meaning plant can’t hold itself upright and so it wilts

Question 6

What two tubes does a plant have for transport?

Answer 6

Xylem and Phloem

Question 7

What do xylem do?

Answer 7

Carry water/minerals up the roots to leaves

Question 8

What do phloem do?

Answer 8

Carry sucrose (sugar) down the leaves to the roots and up the roots to the leaves

Question 9

What are xylem made of?

Answer 9

Dead cells

Question 10

What are phloem made of?

Answer 10

Living cells

Question 11

How do plant roots absorb water?

Answer 11

Osmosis

Question 12

How do plant roots absorb minerals?

Answer 12

Active transport

Question 13

What is the name for when water evaporates from leaves?

Answer 13

Transpiration

Question 14

What is transpiration and why does it happen?

Answer 14

• Water is lost from leaves due to evaporation
• Lose water because of:
  ·Temperature
  ·Surface area

Question 15

Conditions needed for highest rate of transpiration?

Answer 15

·Windy
·High temperature (more kinetic energy)
·Dry air/low humidity
·Sunny/light intensity (plant photosynthesising, stomata open to allow CO2 in so easier for water to evaporate)

Question 16

What would you use to measure uptake of water?

Answer 16

Potometer

Question 17

Leaf structure

Answer 17

-Cuticle: waxy layer, waterproof, reduce water loss (stops water evaporating)
-Upper epidermis: few chloroplasts, allows maximum amount of light to get to layers for photosynthesis, protection
-Palisade layer: many chloroplasts, most photosynthesis here
-Spongy layer: gaps between cells, gas exchange, some photosynthesis
-Veins=
·Xylem: brings water and minerals up roots along stem towards leaf
·Phloem: leave leaf carrying sugars made by photosynthesis to parts that don’t photosynthesise
-Stomata: tiny holes in lower epidermis, let in CO2 for photosynthesis, let out oxygen and most of water plants lose from transpiration
-Guard cells: open and close stomata, closed at night to avoid excessive water loss, open in day for CO2

Question 18

What is the name for when a plant is missing required nutrients?

Answer 18

Deficiency disease

Question 19

3 main plant nutrients and what they’re needed for

Answer 19

• Nitrate: used to make amino acids to make protein for growth
• Phosphate: root growth
• Potassium: fruit flowers
• Magnesium: used in chlorophyll

Question 20

Description of Stomata

Answer 20

Small pores in leaves

Question 21

Description of Phloem

Answer 21

Structure which carries food materials

Question 22

Description of Transpiration

Answer 22

Evaporation of water from leaves

Question 23

Description of mineral

Answer 23

Substance carried in water

Question 24

Description of root hairs

Answer 24

Structure which takes in water from soil

Question 25

2 functions of water in plant

Answer 25

- Photosynthesis | - To get minerals

Question 26

Feature root hairs have to help osmosis

Answer 26

Thin walls

Question 27

How can a Potometer be used to measure rate of water uptake by plant?

Answer 27

As water is taken in by plant, air bubble moves

Question 28

Function of cuticle

Answer 28

Keep water in/out

Question 29

Function of palisade layer

Answer 29

Photosynthesis

Question 30

Function of spongy layer

Answer 30

For gas exchange

Question 31

Function of guard cells

Answer 31

Open and close stomata

Question 32

How would you investigate effect of moving air on the rate of water loss from a plant using Potometer? (QWC)

Answer 32

- Air bubble introduced at tap - When bubble reaches start/zero of scale, start stopwatch - Once the bubble reaches a set distance, stop stopwatch - Record results - Repeat using a fan directed at plant - Repeat experiment for both conditions - Compare results, fan result should be faster as wind causes evaporation of water to increase from leaves

Question 33

Why is there a tap on Potometer?

Answer 33

To add water to move air bubble back to start of scale for when the experiment is repeated

Question 34

When should you cut the roots of the plant when using Potometer and why?

Answer 34

Underwater | Otherwise oxygen bubble introduced which travels up plant and stops water being taken in