Plasma Proteins

Question 1

Which Plasma Protein

• Is most abundant in the body.
• Prevents Edema by increasing osmotic pressure
• Transports Fatty acids

Answer 1

Albumin

Question 2

What does alpha 1 Antitrypsin do? (Alpha1 Protein)

Answer 2

Inhibit trypsin in GI tract & blood stream and inhibit Elastase

Question 3

What does Alpha 1 Antichymotrypsin do? (Alpha1 Protein)

Answer 3

Inhibits Cathepsin G (Neutrophils) & Chymases (mast cells)

Question 4

What does Orosomucoid (Acid glycoprotein) do? (Alpha1 Protein)

Answer 4

Carrier of basic drugs, Steroids, Protease Inhibitors

Question 5

What does haptoglobin do? (Alpha2 Protein)

Answer 5

Binds free hemoglobin. (Haptoglobin - hemoglobin complex Is filtered out in spleen)

Question 6

Alpha 2 macroglobulin (transcuprein) (Alpha2 Protein)

Answer 6

Protease inhibitor of plasmin, thrombin, & kallikrein

Question 7

Ceruloplasmin (Alpha2 Protein)

Answer 7

Ferroxidase and a copper transporter

Question 8

Beta 2 macroglobulin (Beta Protein)

Answer 8

Binds MHC I and Hemochromatosis Protein to regulate immune response and Iron respiration.

Question 9

Plasminogen (Beta Protein)

Answer 9

Precursor of plasmin and angiostatin

Question 10

Angiostatin (Beta Protein)

Answer 10

Down regulates Angiogenesis

Question 11

Serum Amyloid A (Alpha1 Protein)

Answer 11

Involved in immune cell recruitment

Question 12

Alpha 2 - Antiplasmin (Alpha2 Protein)

Answer 12

Inhibits plasmin and neutrophils elastase

Question 13

Protein C (Autoprothrombin 2a) (Alpha2 Protein)

Answer 13

When Active Inhibits factors 5a & 8a

Question 14

Alpha 2 - lipoprotein (Alpha 2 Protein)

Answer 14

Transports Cholesterol

Question 15

Properdin (Beta Protein)

Answer 15

Plays a role in alternative pathway of complement and phagocytosis

Question 16

Transferrin (Beta Protein)

Answer 16

High Affinity Iron binding protein

Question 17

• Trimer of FGA FGB FGG gene products
• Cleaved by thrombin to yield active form fibrin
• Also known as antithrombin I when High levels of fibrin inhibit thrombin

What am I?

Answer 17

Fibrinogen Factor I

Question 18

Albumin Decrease
Alpha 2 Increase

Suggest which pathological condition?

Answer 18

Acute phase Inflammatory response

Question 19

Albumin Decrease
Alpha 2 Increase
Gamma Increase

Suggest which pathological condition?

Answer 19

Liver Cirrhosis

Question 20

Which proteins/genes are expected to be altered during COPD/Emphysema?

Answer 20

Low - Alpha 1 Antitrypsin
Altered - MET 358 Gene

Note - Alpha1 Antitrypsin inhibits Elastase which breaks down elastic fibers. (Especially in lungs)

Question 21

• Acute/Chronic Hepatitis
• Toxins
• Cirrhosis (Really High)

Can Suggest the elevated combination of which 2 plasma proteins?

Answer 21

Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and
Alanine Transaminase (ALT)

Question 22

Elevated Aspartate Transaminase (AST) with out elevation of Alanine Transaminase (ALT) suggests which pathological conditions?

Answer 22

• Myositis
• Muscular dystrophy
• Acute Myocardial Infarct

Question 23

• Healing fractures
• Paget’s Disease (Deterioration of bone)
• Renal Osteodystrophy & also
• Biliary Obstruction (Cystic Fibrosis)

A patient with one of these conditions may have elevated levels of what protein?

Answer 23

Alkaline Phosphatase (AP)

Question 24

Elevated levels of Gamma - Glutamyl - Transferase suggest …

Answer 24

• Biliary Obstruction
• Elevated Toxins
• Alcoholism & Drug Abuse

Question 25

Prostate disease and/or prostate Cancer suggest elevation of protein?

Answer 25

``` Acid Phosphatase (ACP) Prostate Isoform ```

Question 26

What protein is most Specific to metastasis / Prostate cancer

Answer 26

Prostate specific Antigen (PSA)

Question 27

Acute Pancreatitis would suggest elevated levels of what substances?

Answer 27

Pancreatic Amylase & Pancreatic Lipase

Question 28

Albumin - Decrease Alpha 2 - Increase Gamma - Decrease Suggest what pathological condition?

Answer 28

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 29

Myocardial Infarction will lead to elevated levels of which 5 plasma proteins

Answer 29

- Myoglobin - Troponin - Creatine Kinase - Aspartate Transaminase (AST) - Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 30

What Plasma protein is expected not to elevate during myocardial Infarction?

Answer 30

Alanine Transaminase (ALT)

Question 31

Besides myocardial Infarction, Elevated levels of creatine kinase may also be due to ...

Answer 31

Exercise

Question 32

Hematoglobinuria may lead to high levels of what plasma protein?

Answer 32

Haptoglobin (Due to blood lysis there is elevated levels of free heme which will form complexes with haptoglobin and Can lead to enlarged spleen.)

Question 33

``` Albumin - Decrease Alpha 1 - Increase Alpha 2 - Increase Beta 1 - Decrease Gama - Increase ```

Answer 33

Chronic Inflammation

Question 34

What are the LDH Isoenzymes found in skeletal muscle?

Answer 34

Isoenzymes 4 and 5 | M-Subunits

Question 35

What are the LDH Isoenzymes found in Myocardial Infarction?

Answer 35

Isoenzymes 1 and 2 | H-Subunits

Question 36

Creatine Kinase BB are isoenzymes specific to the ...

Answer 36

Brain | They are Brain Isoenzymes, rarely elevated unless there is specific damage to the blood brain barrier

Question 37

Creatine Kinase MM are isoenzymes specific to the ...

Answer 37

Muscle Tissue