Plasticity of the brain Flashcards
How many synaptic connections do we have at age 2-3?
15,000
What is synaptic pruning?
As we age, rarely used connection are deleted and frequently used connections are strengthened.
What does plasticity mean?
The brain adapts its function and structure as a result of changes in the environment.
What are some reasons for plasticity?
-Learning new skills
-Response to trauma injury in the brain
-A result of development changes
What does functional recovery mean?
The functions that were performed by damaged areas of the brain are performed by undamaged areas.
What is axonal sprouting?
Growth of new nerve endings which connect with other undamaged cells to form new neural pathways.
What is denervation supersensitivity?
Axons that do a similar job become aroused to a higher level to compensate for the ones that are lost
What is recruitment of homologous areas?
The opposite side of the brain takes over specific tasks
What is constraint induced therapy?
Stopping patients from using coping strategies (using undamaged limb for tasks) making them improve via functional reorganisation.
What is the main research support for plasticity?
Maguire et al
16 London taxi drivers had an mRI scan which showed they had a larger posterior hippocampus than a control group
Their brain’s structure had changed due to the demands of the job, learning all routes in London.
What is research support for functional recovery?
Danelli et al
Case study of EB, had his left hippocampus removed due to a tumour at age 14, removing the language areas
After 2 years, EB had recovered his language ability
What is a strength of understanding plasticity of the brain?
Practical applications
led to the development of rehabilitation therapies, helping people recover from brain trauma.
