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GÉO > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 types of natural hazards?

A
  • Climate-related hazards
  • Tectonic hazards
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2
Q

Name some natural hazards (classify them with the 2 types of natural hazards)

A

Climate-related:
- Floods
- Storms

Tectonic:
- Earthquakes
- Volcanic eruptions

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3
Q

What does the earth’s internal structure consist of?

A

(A layered structure)
- Core
- Mantle
- Continental crust and oceanic crust

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4
Q

What are 2 differing properties of each layer of the earth (i.e. mantle, core, crust)?

A
  • Thickness
  • Solid or liquid state
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5
Q

What causes the movement of tectonic plates?

A
  • Convection currents
  • Slab-pull force
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6
Q

What are the types of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Divergent
  2. Convergent
  3. Transform
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7
Q

What are 2 kinds of divergent plate boundaries and name examples and its associated plates

A
  • Oceanic-oceanic divergence
    e.g. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
    (by North American and Eurasian plate)
  • Continental-continental divergence
    e.g. Great Rift Valley of East Africa
    (by Nubian boundary and Somalian boundary of African plate)
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8
Q

What are the 3 kinds of convergent plate boundaries? Name examples and its associated plates.

A
  • Oceanic-oceanic convergence
    e.g. Mariana Trench
    (by Pacific and Philippine plate)
  • Continental-continental convergence
    e.g. Himalayas
    (by Indian and Eurasian plate)
  • Oceanic-continental convergence
    e.g. Andes
    (Nazca and S. American plate)
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9
Q

Name an example of a transform plate boundary and its associated plates

A

San Andreas fault
(by Pacific and N. American plate)

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10
Q

What are the associated landforms of the divergent plate boundaries?

A

O-O plate divergence: Oceanic ridge, volcanic island

C-C plate divergence: Rift valley, block mountain

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11
Q

What are the associated landforms of convergent plate boundaries?

A

O-O: volcano, chain/arc of islands, deep oceanic trench

C-C: fold mountain

O-C: volcano, fold mountain, deep oceanic trench

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12
Q

What are 3 phenomena related to plate movements?

A
  1. Earthquakes
  2. Tsunamis
  3. Volcanic eruptions
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13
Q

What are 4 structures associated with volcanoes?

A
  • Crater
  • Caldera
  • Vent
  • Magma chamber
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14
Q

What are 2 types of volcanoes?

A
  • Shield volcano
  • Stratovolcano
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15
Q

What are the differing characteristics of the 2 types of volcanoes?

A
  • Shape
  • Type of lava
  • Nature of explosion
  • Lava flow
  • Location
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16
Q

Give examples of the 2 types of volcanoes.

A

Shield: Mount Washington in USA, Erta Ale in Ethiopia

Stratovolcano: Puy de Domes in France, Mt. Pinatubo in Philippines

17
Q

What are the benefits of living in volcanic areas?

A
  • Fertile soil
  • Precious stones and minerals
  • Tourism
  • Geothermal energy
18
Q

What are risks of living in volcanic areas?

A
  • Massive destruction by volcanic materials
  • Pollution
19
Q

What are risks related to living in earthquake zones?

A
  • Disruptions of services
  • Landslides
  • Destruction of properties and infrastructure
  • Loss of lives
  • Tsunamis
20
Q

How may people respond to natural hazards?

A
  • Preparedness measures
  • Short-term responses
  • Long-term responses
20
Q

How may people respond to natural hazards?

A
  • Preparedness measures
  • Short-term responses
  • Long-term responses
21
Q

What are the 4 preparedness measures?

A
  • Land use regulation
  • Infrastructure
  • Emergency drills
  • Earthquake and tsunami monitoring and warning systems
22
Q

What are 2 short-term responses?

A
  • Search and rescue
  • Emergency food and medical supplies
23
Q

What are 2 long-term responses?

A
  • Rebuilding of infrastructure
  • Provision of health care

GÉO (4 decks)

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