Plate Tectonics

Question 1

What are the 4 layers of the earth called?

Answer 1

Crust-solid
Mantle-semi fluid
Outer core-liquid
Inner core-solid

Question 2

What is the crusts characteristics?

Answer 2

The earths solid crust is broken into huge moving slabs called tectonic plates

Question 3

What is the mantle characteristics?

Answer 3

Surrounding the outer core and it is made up of Molton rock, 3000km deep

Question 4

What is the cores characteristics?

Answer 4

The solid inner core is surrounded by the liquid outer core

Question 5

What is a plate?

Answer 5

A huge slab of crust

Question 6

What is a convection current?

Answer 6

Energy trapped during nuclear explosions in the core create vast amounts of heat and as this heat tries to escape it boils semi molten rocks in the mantle and slowly moves the crust above it

Question 7

How do plates move?

Answer 7

They float on the semi-liquid mantle layer below and drift very slowly across the surface (as fast as your finger nails grow)

Question 8

Name 4 types of plate boundaries

Answer 8

Constructive
Destructive
Conservative
Collision zones

Question 9

Plate boundaries characteristics

Answer 9

Constructive - apart
Destructive - sinks
Conservative - slides
Collision zones - together

Question 10

Where do earthquakes affect the world today?

Answer 10

The populated regions around the Pacific Ocean

Question 11

How do volcanoes erupt?

Answer 11

Molten material from the mantle (magma) is forced though an opening or vent in the earth’s crust onto the surface as lava which solidified as igneous rock.

Question 12

What are the two types of volcanoes?

Answer 12

1.Shield volcanoes
2.Stratovolcano volcanoes

Question 13

Benefits of volcanic activity

Answer 13

1.Geothermal power heats homes, swimming pools and is used to melt snow
2.Tourists came to visit the geothermal wonders like geysers
3.Volcanic ash is a natural fertiliser

Question 14

Problems of volcanic activity

Answer 14

They spew hot gases, ash, lava and rocks that are powerfully destructive.
They can also cause floods and power outages

Question 15

What causes earthquakes?

Answer 15

Sudden movement of the earth’s tectonic plates

Question 16

What are the short term causes of the Japan earthquake?

Answer 16

Death and injury - 15,894 people died and 6,152 were injured and 2,562 were missing

Question 17

What were the long term impacts of the Japan earthquake?

Answer 17

Nuclear contamination of soils and sea water, and evacuation of a large number of residents in surrounding areas

Question 18

How can earthquake hazards be reduced?

Answer 18

Governments organise earthquake drills and also are constructing new buildings

Question 19

What caused the Indian Ocean 2004 Boxing Day earthquake?

Answer 19

By the subduction of the Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plates.

Question 20

5 earth facts

Answer 20

1 globe
2 hemispheres
5 oceans
7 continents
8 billion people

Question 21

What are lines of latitude?

Answer 21

They point in a east west direction and allow us say how far we are north or south

Question 22

What are lines of longitude?

Answer 22

They run from north-south and allow us to sat where we are,east or west

Question 23

What is the prime meridian?

Answer 23

It is the central line of longitude on the globe

Question 24

Where do most volcanoes occur

Answer 24

Destructive and constructive plate boundaries

Question 25

How many active volcanoes are there

Answer 25

About 500

Question 26

3 examples of volcanoes

Answer 26

Mt St Helens(USA), mt Meripi (Indonesia) and mt. Ejya (Iceland)

Question 27

What is pyroclastic flow?

Answer 27

White hot avalanche of exploded rocks

Question 28

What is the epicentre

Answer 28

The point directly above the earthquake where the magnitude is the greatest

Question 29

Where do earthquakes occur

Answer 29

At fault lines

Question 30

What is the focus

Answer 30

The focus of an earthquake is the point below the surface at which the pressure is released