Plate Tectonics Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
How deep is the inner core?
A
1200km
2
Q
How deep is the outer core?
A
2250km
3
Q
How thick is the mantle?
A
2900km
4
Q
How thick is continental crust?
A
30-70km
5
Q
How thick is the oceanic crust?
A
6-10km
6
Q
How many main plate tectonic plates are there in total?
A
12
7
Q
What is the Moho discontinuity?
A
The boundary between lithosphere and rest of the upper mantle where seismic waves change velocity
8
Q
What year was Alfred wegners continental drift theory proposed?
A
1912
9
Q
What year was Ewing, Hess, vine and Matthews evidence found?
A
Ewing = 1948
Hess = 1962
Vine and Matthews = 1963
10
Q
What two plates form the mid Atlantic ridge?
A
North American and Eurasian plate
11
Q
How long is the Hawaiian island arc?
A
1,600 miles
12
Q
How many major islands does the Hawaiian island arc consist of?
A
5
13
Q
What is the name of the new shield volcano which is part of the Hawaiian island arc?
A
Lo’ihi
14
Q
What date was the earthquake in L’Aquila?
A
6th April 2009
15
Q
What two plates caused the L’Aquila?
A
African and Eurasian
16
Q
What was the L’Aquila earthquake on the Richter scale?
A
6.3
17
Q
How many death did the L’Aquila quake cause?
A
290
18
Q
How many were left injured after the L’Aquila quake?
A
1,500
19
Q
How many students were left with no access to university after the L’Aquila quake?
A
28,000
20
Q
How many were left homeless after the L’Aquila quake?
A
58,000
21
Q
How many buildings were damaged in the L’Aquila quake?
A
11,000 including San massimo cathedral and university dorms
22
Q
How many volunteers helped with the L’Aquila quake aftermath?
A
11,000
23
Q
How many ambulances were rotating after the L’Aquila quake?
A
36
24
Q
What was the Hati quake on the Richter scale?
A
7
25
What date was the Hati quake?
12 Jan 2010
26
How many people live in poverty in Hati ?
80% of total population
27
How long did the quake last in Hati?
1 minute
28
How many aftershocks were felt after the Hati quake?
52 measuring 4.5 or greater
29
How many people died in the Hati quake?
316,000
30
How many houses were destroyed in the Hati quake?
105,000
31
How many people were made homeless in the Hati quake?
1.3 million
32
How many jobs were lost due to the Hati quake?
1/5
33
How much did GPD shrink by after the Hati quake?
5%
34
What two plates caused the Hati quake?
North American and Caribbean
35
How many people were in aid camps after the hair quake?
810,000
36
How many health experts did WHO send to Hati after the quake?
12
37
How much money did the EU give to Hati for food and work projects after the quake?
€330million
38
Since the quake how many new houses have been build in Hati?
1,200 but 3,000 planned
39
How many people were given information on natural disasters after the Hati quake?
116,000
40
Were chaiten volcano located?
Peru chile subduction zone. Plates = Nasca &South American
41
When was the chaiten quake?
May 2008
42
How many years had the chaiten volcano not erupted for before 2008?
9,400 ( considered dormant)
43
How much did one airline loose due to airports closures after the chaiten volcano?
$0.7 million
44
How high were the lahars after the chaiten volcano?
1m
45
How much of chaiten was flooded after the 2008 eruption?
90%
46
How much was the disaster strip end after the chaiten volcano?
$1,200-$2,200 per month, per family
47
How many were evacuated after the chaiten volcano?
5,000 with a 50km exclusion zone around the volcano
48
What type of volcano is Mt Etna ?
Strato volcano
49
Which two plates cause Mt Etna?
Eurasian/African
50
How much as a proportion of total population live on Mt Enta's slopes?
25%
51
In 1669 how many people died on Enta's slopes due to asphyxiation?
3,000
52
Why did Sicily not get evacuated during the 1669 eruption?
Residents hoped the lava would stop at city's accident defence walls but it did not and almost killed 17,000 destroying 14 towns and villi ages and leaving 27,000 homeless
53
What were the main effects of the 1669 Etna's erruption?
Noxious fumes, huge Collum of ash and lava flows
54
What were the main impacts of the 2008 erruption of Etna?
Huge Collum of ash seen as far as Libya, siesmic activity flanks of volcano slipped causing damage to property and lava flows explosion of water tank injured 30 people
55
Etna management 1669:
1669: Calania residents led team of 50 men to Etna attempt to divert lava flow using iron rods and picks but diverted to another villiage
56
Etna management 1991-1993
Attempts to channel lava flow, earth barriers built to projects nearby town 400m long and 200m high
Us marines using explosives and concrete blocks to slow down and divert flow
57
Etna management 2002:
Dams of soil and volcanic rock put up to protect tourist and divert flow, army equipment brought to block flow - 5.6 m from Italian gov
58
What date was the Japan tsunami?
11th March 2011
59
Which two plates caused the 9.0 earthquake which caused the Japan tsunami in 2011?
Eurasian and Pacific
60
How long did the Japan tsunami take to reach the coast?
10 minutes
61
How much of a warning was given before the earthquake was felt in Tokyo?
1 minute
62
How many were left dead after the Japan tsunami?
16,000
63
How many people are still missing after the Japan tsunami?
15,000
64
How many homes were without power and water after the Japan tsunami?
```
Power = 1.2m
Water = 1.4m
```
65
How much was the exclusion zone around Fukushima after the Japan tsunami?
20km
66
What was the major problem with the seas wall after the Japan tsunami?
The sea wall fell by 1m after the coastline dropped
67
How much of the deaths were over 60 in the Japan tsunami?
Over 60%
68
How much damage in yen did the Japan tsunami cause?
16- 25 trillion
69
How many tonnes of radioactive material was leaked after the Japan tsunami?
300 tones into water, back up generators = 8x more radioactive
70
How long were the tsunami warnings given before first wave arrived?
I minute
71
What did the us provide after Japan tsunami?
Rescue dogs, medical support team 150 people
72
How hot is the inner core?
Up to 5000 degrees
73
What percentage of hospitals were destroyed after the Hati quake?
60%
74
What was the estimated damage after the Hati quake?
$7.8billion
75
How long did it take for a rescue team from Iceland to arrive at Hati?
24 hours after the quake
76
How long did the world bank cancel hati's debt repayment for?
5 years
77
How many did oxfam help in Hati by providing sanitation and water?
500,000
78
The lava from mt Etna's erruption in 1669 traveled for 2 weeks destroying how many villiage and almost killing how many people?
14 towns and villiages and killing almost 1,700 people
79
How many people were injured by a water tank explosion in 2002 after mt Etna erupted?
30
80
How much did the eastern planks of the volcano slip by during the 2002 erruption of mt Etna
2m
81
Why did the sea wall in Japan not protect them from the tsunami?
The quake caused the sea wall to drop my 1m as the shoreline subsided
82
How many countries have aid to Japan after the tsunami?
91
83
How many doctors and nurses flew in to Japan from around the world to help after the tsunami?
600
84
What were the restrictions of the supermarket which opened after the Japan tsunami?
2-3 hours of ques and only 10 items per person
85
What percentage of hospitals were destroyed after the Hati quake?
60%
86
What was the estimated damage after the Hati quake?
$7.8billion
87
How long did it take for a rescue team from Iceland to arrive at Hati?
24 hours after the quake
88
How long did the world bank cancel hati's debt repayment for?
5 years
89
How many did oxfam help in Hati by providing sanitation and water?
500,000
90
The lava from mt Etna's erruption in 1669 traveled for 2 weeks destroying how many villiage and almost killing how many people?
14 towns and villiages and killing almost 1,700 people
91
How many people were injured by a water tank explosion in 2002 after mt Etna erupted?
30
92
How much did the eastern planks of the volcano slip by during the 2002 erruption of mt Etna
2m
93
Why did the sea wall in Japan not protect them from the tsunami?
The quake caused the sea wall to drop my 1m as the shoreline subsided
94
How many countries have aid to Japan after the tsunami?
91
95
How many doctors and nurses flew in to Japan from around the world to help after the tsunami?
600
96
What were the restrictions of the supermarket which opened after the Japan tsunami?
2-3 hours of ques and only 10 items per person
97
How many meals did the Red Cross field kitchen provide per day after the L'Aquila quake?
10,000
