plate tectonics

Question 1

fault

Answer 1

a crack in the earths crust

Question 2

ring of fire

Answer 2

linear zone of seismic and volcanic activity that coincides in general with the margins of the pacific plate

Question 3

transform/ strike slip

Answer 3

transform faults end abruptly and are connected on both ends to other faults, ridges, or subduction zones

Question 4

divergent / normal

Answer 4

the block of rock positioned above the plane, pushes down across the footwall, which is the block of rock below the plane. The footwall, in turn, pushes up against the hanging wall. These faults occur where the crust is being pulled apart, at a divergent plate boundary.

Question 5

convergent / reverse

Answer 5

hanging wall pushes up, and the footwall pushes down

Question 6

P-waves

Answer 6

body wave, called seismic waves in seismology, that travel through a continuum and are the first waves from an earthquake to arrive at a seismograph

Question 7

S-waves

Answer 7

seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving

Question 8

epicenter

Answer 8

the point on the Earth’s surface that is directly above the hypocentre or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates.

Question 9

focus

Answer 9

location where the earthquake begins

Question 10

Richter scale

Answer 10

base-10 logarithmic scale, which defines magnitude as the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of the seismic waves to an arbitrary, minor amplitude.

Question 11

explosive volcano

Answer 11

volcanic term to describe a violent, explosive type of eruption.

Question 12

nonexplosive volcano

Answer 12

Because the composition of magma is different in different volcanoes, the properties of the lava are different. In effusive eruptions, lava flows are relatively calm and do not explode out of the volcano.

Question 13

Krakatoa

Answer 13

volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.

Question 14

Yellowstone Supervolcano

Answer 14

Yellowstone Caldera is the volcanic caldera and supervolcano located in Yellowstone National Park in the United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano`

Question 15

San Andreas Fault

Answer 15

San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1300 km through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip.

Question 16

mid-ocean ridge

Answer 16

is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.

Question 17

shield volcano

Answer 17

broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.

Question 18

cinder cone volcano

Answer 18

steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent

Question 19

composite volcano

Answer 19

stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.

Question 20

hot spot

Answer 20

a small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings.