plate tectonics - exam 1

Question 1

the outermost layer of crust and uppermost mantle

Answer 1

lithosphere

Question 2

the weak sphere

Answer 2

asthenosphere

Question 3

base of asthenosphere to the core mantle boundary and more rigid than asthenosphere

Answer 3

mesophere

Question 4

continental crust

Answer 4

comprises continents

Question 5

oceanic crust

Answer 5

underlies most ocean basins

Question 6

divergent plate boundaries

Answer 6

move apart

Question 7

convergent plate boundaries

Answer 7

move together

Question 8

transform plate boundaries

Answer 8

plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of lithosphere

Question 9

new ocean floor is generated as two plates move apart

Answer 9

seafloor spreading

Question 10

most divergent plate boundaries are located along the crests of

Answer 10

oceanic ridges

Question 11

-young crust
-oceanic ridge
-ocean floor eruptions
-few volcanoes
-shallow earthquakes

Answer 11

divergent boundary characteristics

Question 12

plates move toward one another and collide. lithosphere is often destroyed in the subduction zone

Answer 12

convergent plate boundaries

Question 13

ocean - ocean
ocean - continent
continent - continent

Answer 13

types of convergent plate boundaries

Question 14

-older ocean crust subducts
-volcanoes abundant above subducting plate
-volcanic island arcs
-mountains on overriding plate

Answer 14

convergent boundary characteristics

Question 15

-continental and oceanic
-shallow earthquakes
-no volcanoes
-offsets similar aged rocks

Answer 15

transform boundary characteristics

Question 16

a supercontinent consisting of all of earths landmasses once existed

Answer 16

referring to pangea
continental drift hypothesis

Question 17

driving forces of plate tectonics and plate motion

Answer 17

slab pull
ridge push
mantle convection

Question 18

subducting plates are pulled down into the mantle due to their higher density

Answer 18

slab pull

Question 19

oceanic plates move from higher to lower elevation pulling plates apart

Answer 19

ridge push

Question 20

mantle motion drags plates along

Answer 20

mantle convection

Question 21

who outlined the continental drift hypothesis and supercontinent (pangea) theory?

Answer 21

alfred weggener

Question 22

what does lithos mean in lithosphere

Answer 22

stone

Question 23

continental crust is composed of

Answer 23

granitic rock

Question 24

what does asthenos mean in asthenosphere

Answer 24

weak

Question 25

what idea did the continental drift challenge?

Answer 25

that the earth’s continents and ocean basins had fixed geographic positions

Question 26

oceanic crust is composed of

Answer 26

basaltic rock

Question 27

the plates of the earth are apart of the

Answer 27

lithosphere

Question 28

the longest topographic feature on earth is

Answer 28

the global oceanic ridge system

Question 29

convergent boundaries are also called

Answer 29

subduction zones

Question 30

deep ocean trenches are produced from

Answer 30

convergent boundaries/subduction zones

Question 31

what is a mantle plume

Answer 31

a cylindrical upwelling of hot rock originating from the mantle

Question 32

how did we confirm the ocean floor’s youngest at the ridge axis?

Answer 32

deep sea drilling

Question 33

what are hot spots general position

Answer 33

relatively fixed within the mantle

Question 34

if a plate moves over a hot spot, what is created?

Answer 34

a hot spot track

Question 35

an example of a hot spot track

Answer 35

hawaii

Question 36

the threshold temperature for magnetism

Answer 36

curie point

Question 37

what is slab pull?

Answer 37

subduction of slabs of oceanic lithosphere

Question 38

What is the process that occurs along oceanic ridges where newly formed oceanic lithosphere is being pushed away from the ridge axis?

Answer 38

ridge push