Platelets as Drug Targets Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the acute and chronic conditions caused by arterial thrombosis in the heart?
Acute condition: Myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Chronic condition: Coronary artery disease.
What are the symptoms of an acute stroke caused by arterial thrombosis?
Symptoms include weakness, facial droop, difficulty speaking, dizziness, and sudden vision loss.
What is the difference between STEMI and NSTEMI on an ECG?
STEMI shows ST wave elevation, while NSTEMI shows ST depression and T wave inversion.
How is mesenteric ischaemia investigated?
It is investigated with a CT scan of the abdomen using contrast.
What are the six “P”s of acute limb ischaemia symptoms?
Pain, pallor, paraesthesia, paralysis, pulselessness, and gangrene.
What is the immediate management for a patient presenting with STEMI?
Administer morphine, oxygen (if O2 stats <94%), nitrate (GTN spray), aspirin 300mg, and a reperfusion strategy. Also give clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor, or heparin/fondaparinux (for NSTEMI).
What conditions contraindicate the use of alteplase in acute stroke?
Contraindications include intracranial haemorrhage, recent neurosurgery or stroke, head trauma, uncontrolled hypertension, active internal bleeding, intracranial neoplasm, or aneurysm.
What is the chronic bowel condition caused by arterial thrombosis, and what are its symptoms?
Chronic mesenteric ischaemia; symptoms include abdominal pain after eating, weight loss, and malnutrition.
How is peripheral vascular disease typically investigated?
It is investigated using an angiogram.
What are examples of secondary prevention strategies for arterial thrombosis-related conditions?
Lifestyle changes such as healthy eating, consuming less than 14 units of alcohol per week, regular physical activity, stopping smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and participating in cardiac or stroke rehabilitation.
What is coronary artery disease and how does it relate to angina?
Coronary artery disease is the narrowing of the arteries. Angina occurs when these arteries are narrowed from both sides, reducing blood flow to the heart; it can be stable or unstable.
What are the chronic symptoms of cerebrovascular disease?
Chronic symptoms include transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and vascular dementia.
What is the second and fourth leading cause of death in the UK, respectively?
Ischaemic heart disease is the second, and stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the UK.
What proportion of people over 60 in the UK have peripheral arterial disease?
Approximately 1 in 5 people over 60 have peripheral arterial disease in the UK.
What are the symptoms of chronic limb ischaemia?
Symptoms include intermittent claudication, hair loss, skin changes, numbness, weakness, and ulcers.
What tests are used to investigate cardiac disease in relation to thrombosis?
ECG, blood tests for elevated troponin levels, and coronary angiogram.
What is the first-line treatment for acute stroke if the patient presents within 4.5 hours and haemorrhage is ruled out?
Aspirin and potentially alteplase if no contraindications are present.
What are the management options for acute mesenteric ischaemia?
Surgical management such as bowel resection.
What medications are typically used in secondary management after a STEMI or NSTEMI?
Dual antiplatelet therapy (e.g., aspirin plus ticagrelor or clopidogrel), along with an ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, or statin.
What are the possible surgical interventions for acute limb ischaemia?
Revascularisation, stenting, bypass surgery, and amputation if necessary.
