Plato/Aristotle Flashcards by Sarah Mcgrady

In the cave myth, what does the cave represent

Material world

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In the cave myth, what does the outside of the cave represent

Ideal world

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in the cave myth what does the fire represent

the Sun

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In the cave myth what does the sun(shine) represent

the Good

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In the cave myth what does the darkness represent

Ignorance

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IN the cave myth what do the other prisoners represent

People of Athens

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In the cave myth what does the prisoner leaving represent

The soul going into the ideal world

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What is cave myth represent

the divided line

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How is the returned prisoner like Socrates

They both know things others don’t and wants to share knowledge
Both threatened with death
Both made fun of

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What does it mean that the Good is a source with no source

The Good created things but nothing created the good

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Where is the cave located

underground

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What is the only thing the prisoners can see

shadows

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What do the prisoners say when he returns to the cave

That he ruined his vision and they will kill him if he tries to do the same to them

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How is the prisoner hurt both physically and mentally each time he reaches a new level

physically: His eyes adjusting every time
mentally: he learns his whole world is a lie

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What does Plato question about being good

Why be good if can get away with being bad

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what does “thrash” say about rules and society

They aren’t meant to benefit society

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What object is the best

The one that does the intended job best

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What does it mean when someone is unhappy

There is disharmony among the parts of the soul

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Who is Socrates talking with in the symposium

Diotima

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what is the Equation for romantic love

Love= Need + Resourcefulness

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What two ways can humans become immortal

children

legacy

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What is the bottom step of the the love ladder

a beautiful body (physical attraction)

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what is the second step of the love ladder

All beautiful bodies (everything is great)

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what is the third step of the love ladder

A beautiful soul( who one truly is)

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what is the fourth step on the love ladder

beauty of laws and institutions (how someone is raised)

what is fifth step on the love ladder

the beauty of knowledge

what is sixth step on the love ladder

Beauty its self (perfect form)

what is the top (optional) step on the love ladder

the Good

why is beautiful body the lowest step

- it is the easiest - First one we are introduced to - As we move up the ladder it becomes less important

What is the function of the reason part of the soul

guide

what is the human type of the reason part of the soul

philosophical

what is the suggested profession for the reason part of the soul

philosopher/king

what is the function for the desire part of the soul

motivate

what is the human type for the desire part of the soul

avaricious

what is the suggested profession for the desire part of the soul

laborer

what is the function of the spirit part of the soul

animates

what is the human type for the spirit part of the soul

competitive

what is suggested profession pf the spirit part of the soul

army/solider

how is Aristotle worldview similar to a doctors

he uses his reason and senses to determine causes

why does aristotle invent logic

- to discredit sophists | - use as an everyday life tool

what is aristotle definition of wisdom

knowing what it is and why it is

how do we find truth of an object

by focusing on the object

how do we focus on an object

find the causes

what are four causes and what do they mean

Material: what something is made of formal: its definition efficient: the source Final: the purpose or use

define telos with an example

end goal | Ex: getting a job

define Entelechy with an example

death, growing old

What are Aristotle problem with the forms

- no connection between forms and Forms - Plato does not explain how Forms create different versions of themselves - cars, phones

what is the name of Aristotle's school

lyceum

what is the name of the text book painting

school of Athens

who trusts their senses more: plato or Aristotle

Aris

what is aistotles formula for substance and what is his formula for a human

``` substance= matter+form human= body+soul ```

what does aris call god

unmoving mover

when defining God, what does movement mean

creation

true or false, plants, animals ad humans all have souls

true

what kind of soul do plants have

nutritive

what kind of soul do humans have

rational

what kind of soul do animals have

sensitive

where does aris think the soul is located

within the body

true or false all classes of beings have the same soul

true

what happens to the soul when our bodies die

it ceases to exists

can you separate the soul and body

no they are one.

what is Aris eye analogy

seeing is apart of the eye but you cannot separate seeing from the eye. The body is the eye and seeing is the soul/reason

What is Aris book called

Nicomachean Ethics

what is the only thin with instinct value

happiness

what are the two kinds of value

intrinsically valuable | extrinsically valuable

what are the two types of lives that are not the happiest

pleasure | fame

why would a life of pleasure be unhappy

- short lived | - too animalistic

why would a life of fame be unhappy

- dependent on others | - short lived

how do we discover happiness

look a the functions of humans

what are requirements for happiness

- special skill(s) - wisdom - exercise virtue - pleasure - external goods

what are we praised for

virtues

how do we get virtues

habits | learned and the more we do the better we get

what are we blamed for

our vices

for each virtue how man corresponding vices are there

two

define virtue

the mean between two vices/extremes

define mean

the appropriate amount of virtue for a situation

what is the purpose of reason in ethics

to find the mean

in The School of Athens what way is Plato and Aristotle pointing?

plato: up Aris: out

Plato/Aristotle Flashcards

(78 cards)