Plato Exam

Question 1

What are the five branches of philosophy?

Answer 1

Metaphysics, Epistemology, Aesthetics, Ethics, and Logics

Question 2

Epistemology

Answer 2

The study of knowledge; what can we know

Question 3

Aesthetics

Answer 3

The study of art and beauty

Question 4

Ethics

Answer 4

The study of morality and virtue

Question 5

Logic

Answer 5

The study or arguments and validity

Question 6

Metaphysics

Answer 6

The study of the ultimate nature of reality

Question 7

Who were the other philosophers during Socrates time?

Answer 7

The naturalists and the sophists

Question 8

Thales

Answer 8

“Everything is water”; Matter philosopher

Question 9

Democritus

Answer 9

Knowledge was derived through sense perception

Question 10

Anaximenes

Answer 10

Matter philosopher; the boundless was the origin of all things

Question 11

Thales and Anaximenes

Answer 11

Both were pre-Socratic philosophers

Question 12

What was is Socrates view of the relation between knowledge and virtue?

Answer 12

Knowledge is “recollection” and virtue is a gift of the gods (the whole package)

Question 13

Necessary condition Socrates

Answer 13

Eg: Defining brother as sibling

Question 14

Sufficient condition Socrates

Answer 14

Eg: Defining brother as unmarried male sibling

Question 15

Socratic Method

Answer 15

We find the answer by asking a lot of questions

Question 16

Socratic Irony

Answer 16

Socrates gets Euthrypho right were he wants him so that he can get the answer he wants

Question 17

Aporia

Answer 17

Impass / the moment we discover we don’t know what we thought we knew

Question 18

Logos

Answer 18

A rational argument

Question 19

Mythos

Answer 19

Stories about the gods

Question 20

The logos

Answer 20

Arguments

Question 21

Social Contract Theory

Answer 21

An unspoken/written agreement

Question 22

Eros

Answer 22

Sexual or romantic love

Question 23

Where does the word erotic come from?

Answer 23

Eros

Question 24

Philos

Answer 24

Nonsexual love

Question 25

What is the first aporia in the text?

Answer 25

Menos definition of virtue

Question 26

Meno's Paradox

Answer 26

We can't search for what we do not know nor for what we do know

Question 27

Theory of Recollection

Answer 27

The soul is immortal for forgets at birth in a new body

Question 28

Valid Argument

Answer 28

Has a logical structure so that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true

Question 29

What is sufficient for virtue?

Answer 29

True opinion and knowledge

Question 30

Hubris

Answer 30

Excessive pride of acting like the gods

Question 31

What are the three phases of Diotima's Speech?

Answer 31

1. Eros is "in between" 2. Tokos en kaloi 3. The latter of love

Question 32

Eros is "in between"

Answer 32

Ugly & beautiful, bad & good, ignorance & wisdom, and mortal & immortal

Question 33

Daiminiom

Answer 33

A spirit that travels between the mortal and immortal realms

Question 34

Tokos en kaloi

Answer 34

All human beings are pregnant in body and soul and seek to give birth to what is inside them

Question 35

False dichotomy

Answer 35

Menos paradox

Question 36

The latter of love

Answer 36

Falling in love with a particular body -> love for all bodies -> love for souls -> love for beauty of souls activities -> beauty of knowledge that makes activity possible -> beauty of beauty itself

Question 37

Psyche

Answer 37

The life of the body

Question 38

The Form of Beauty

Answer 38

Eternal and unchanging, perceived with the soul, and knowledge is possible if we can perceive it

Question 39

Beautiful Things in Physical World

Answer 39

Come to be and pass away, perceive in the senses, tangible/physically existing

Question 40

What are the three arguments for the immortality of the soul?

Answer 40

1. Harmony argument 2. Weaver in the cloak 3. Soul rules over the body

Question 41

Harmony Argument

Answer 41

The body is like a musical instrument instrument - if the body is damaged the soul is damaged

Question 42

Misanthropy

Answer 42

The hatred of human beings

Question 43

Misology

Answer 43

Hatred of the logos or argument/philosophy

Question 44

Argument of Affinity

Answer 44

The soul cannot die only the forms can

Question 45

What does the sun represent?

Answer 45

It is the form of the good

Question 46

What are some inevitable aspects of human life?

Answer 46

Evolution, income, equality, and sickness and health

Question 47

What were the Theory of the Forms meant to solve?

Answer 47

The Ethical Problem and The Problem of Permanence and Change

Question 48

What are the forms?

Answer 48

Transcendence, pure, archetypes, ultimately real, causes,, and systematically interacted

Question 49

The arguments for mathematics

Answer 49

The most certain knowledge we have could not have come from sense perception; 1. In geometry we have access to squares and circles, bit such objects exist in the material world 2. We can know truths such as 2+2=4 without having to check our experience of the material world

Question 50

The argument from relativism

Answer 50

1. Relativism is self-defeating. If relativism is the view that there is no truth, then is relativism true? 2. We do often objectively discuss and argue about concepts like beauty and truth and justice, and by this dialectic process we come to a better understanding of them.

Question 51

The argument from objectivity

Answer 51

1. We already believe that the more objective a value is, the more real it is. This is shown by the way we distinguish real values from apparent ones. 2. Only detachment from all particular desires for objects and persons can be completely objective.

Question 52

Reductio ad Absurdum

Answer 52

Disproof of a proposition by showing an absurdity to which it leads when carried to its logical conclusion

Question 53

Ad hominum argument

Answer 53

Appealing to one's prejudices, emotions, or special interests rather than to ones intellect or reason

Question 54

Is an ad hominum argument valid?

Answer 54

Yes

Question 55

What is a fallacy?

Answer 55

A mistaken belief, especially one cased on unsound argument