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Platyhelminthes Flashcards

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1
Q

The mesodermal space is filled with muscle fibers and loose tissue called __, instead of a cavity

A

parenchyma

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2
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

possess a ciliated epidermis, which is an outer layer of cells covered with cilia (tiny hair-like structures)

A

Class Turbellaria

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3
Q

The mouth of free-living flatworms is typically located either at the

A

anterior end (front) or mid-body on the ventral surface (underside)

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4
Q

Free-living flatworms have a — , which means they can extend this muscular structure out of their body to capture food.

A

protrusible pharynx

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5
Q

What is the feeding behavior of Class Turbellaria

A

Carnivores: Some free-living flatworms actively prey on small invertebrates.

Scavengers: Others scavenge on dead animals and detritus (organic matter)

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6
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

free-living flatworms

A

Class Turbellaria

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7
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

ciliated epidermis

A

Class Turbellaria

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8
Q

Turbellarians are distinguished by

A
  • the presence or absence of gut
  • pattern of branching of the gut,
  • type of pharynx
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9
Q

observes “negative phototaxis”

A

dugesia sp.

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10
Q

trematoda also called

A

flukes

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11
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

Has a cuticle covering its body

A

Class Trematoda

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12
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

Presence of 2 oral suckers for attachments, located at
Anterior oral sucker
For attachment and feeding
Ventral sucker (posterior acetabulum)

A

Class Trematoda

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13
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

Lacka opisthaptor (attachment organ) of monogenean flukes

A

Class Trematoda

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14
Q

Liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

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15
Q

Bloodfluke

A

Schistosoma sp.

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16
Q

Human liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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17
Q

Lung fluke

A

Paragonimus spp.

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18
Q

Intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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19
Q

three species in schistomiasis

A

S. mansoni
S. haematobium
S. japonicum

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20
Q

Life cycle completed in two hosts
Water snail (intermediate host)
Humans (definitive host)

A

Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma

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21
Q

Life cycle completed in three hosts
Water snail and fish (intermediate host)
Humans (definitive hosts)

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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22
Q

life cycle of trematodes

A

Egg hatches into miracidium, which swims and enters the first intermediate host (snail).
Inside the snail, it turns into a sporocyst and then rediae, which give rise to cercariae.
The cercariae leave the snail and become metacercariae, waiting to infect the definitive host when they are eaten.

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23
Q

In trematodes life cycle, what is its form before entering the intermediate host?

A

miracidium

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24
Q

In trematodes life cycle, what is its form before leaving the intermediate host?

A

cercariae

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25
In trematodes life cycle, what is its form before entering the definitive host?
metacercariae
26
Free-swimming larva After hatching, it finds and penetrates the first intermediate host (IH), usually a snail. Once inside, it discards its ciliated covering to begin the next stage
miracidium
27
Sac-like form inside the first iH
sporocysts
28
possess tail for swimming; considered as juveniles
cercariae
29
Common in bile ducts of sheep and other ruminants causing liver rot
Fasciola hepatica
30
Swimmer's itch
Schistosome Dermatitis
31
storage of sperm after cross fertilization with anotherfluke
seminal receptable
32
carries sperm from testes to vas deferens
vas efferens
33
transfers sperm from testes to seminal vesicle
vas deferens
34
Adult stage lives in bile ducts
Clonorchis sinensis
35
carries sperm posteriorly from testes to vesicles for storage
vas deferens
36
regulation of internal fluid content of planarians
protonephridia
37
schistosomiasis commonly known as
bilharzia or snail fever
38
names and locations of three species of schistosomes
S. mansoni - large intestine S. haematobium - urinary bladder S. japonicum - small intestine
39
cestoda also called
tapeworm
40
beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
41
pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
42
dog tapeworm
Taenia pisiformis OR Echinococcus granulosus
43
fish tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
44
describe tapeworms in respect from the preceding classes
cestodes, or tapeworms, have long, flat bodies composed of a scolex or proglottids lack digestive system
45
What class of Platyhelminthes is this? Lack sensory organs except for modified cilia that are sensory endings on the tegument
Class Cestoda
46
In class cestoda, these greatly enlarge the surface area of the tegument
Microtriches
47
T/F: tapeworms can fertilize their own eggs.
trueeee
48
largest of all human cestodes
D. latum
49
What class of platyhelminthes is this? adult body covered with synctial tegument w/o cilia
Monogenea
50
What class of platyhelminthes is this? External parasites of many fish, especially on gills, but a few are found in bladders of frogs and turtles
Monogenea
51
What class of platyhelminthes is this? Generally cause little harm or damage to host A problematic pathogen in crowded fish farming
Monogenea
52
Larval stage of Taenia saginata
oncosphere
53
Differentiate between the digestive processes of free-living and parasitic flatworms.
Free-living flatworms typically have a complete digestive system with a mouth and pharynx for capturing food, while parasitic flatworms may have a more simplified or absent digestive system, absorbing nutrients directly from their host.
54
How do the reproductive strategies differ between Monogenea, Trematoda, and Cestoda?
Monogenea: Mostly monoecious (hermaphroditic) and reproduce sexually. Trematoda: Mostly monoecious, but some, like Schistosoma, are dioecious. Cestoda: Primarily monoecious, producing both eggs and sperm within each proglottid.
55
monogeans have specialized attachment organ called
ophistaphor
56
Free-living, ciliated epidermis, simple or branching gut, carnivorous or scavenger.
turbellaria
57
Parasitic, complex life cycles with multiple hosts, two suckers, hermaphroditic, cuticle.
trematoda
58
Ectoparasitic, single host, opisthaptor for attachment, hermaphroditic.
monogea
59
Endoparasitic, no digestive system, scolex for attachment, segmented proglottids, hermaphroditic, complex life cycle with multiple hosts.
cestoda
60
in 3 classes of neodermata, what is the 2 features they share?
- loss of rhabdites - syncytial tegument
61
how does the adhesive organ in neodermata differ from each other?
trematoda: ANTERIOR adhesive organ cestoda and monogea: POSTERIOR adhesive organ W/ HOOKS
62
Secretions of the [1] apparently fasten microvilli of the anchor cells to the substrate, and secretions of the [2] provide a quick, chemical detaching mechanism.
viscid gland cells releasing-gland cells
63
The term syncytial means that --
many nuclei are enclosed within a single cell membrane
64
The tegument's shared presence among the parasites is the basis for uniting trematodes, monogeneans, and cestodes in clade [..]
Neodermata
65
Theese 2 classes graze on host cells, feeding on cellular debris and body fluids. The mouth of THESE usually opens at or near the anterior end of their body into a muscular, nonextensible pharynx Posteriorly, their esophagus opens into a blindly ending intestine, which is commonly Y-shaped but may be highly branched or unbranched, depending on the species.
trematodes and monogeneans
66
Because [what class] have no digestive tract, they must depend on host digestion, and absorption is confined to small molecules from the host’s digestive tract.
cestodes
67
[what class] usually have two excretory pores opening laterally, near the anterior.
Monogeneans
68
In [what class] there are two main excretory canals on each side that are continuous through the entire length of the worm
cestodes
69
what species: a marine polyclad turbellarian.
Pseudobiceros hancockanus
70
[Turbellaria] Order Polycladida's unique feature
intestine with many lateral branches
71
[Turbellaria] Order Tricladida's unique feature
three branched intestines
72
3 features that all platyhelminthes share
lamellate rhabdites endolecithal eggs mehlis's glands
73
Multinucleated layer that replaced the original epidermis after larval development
syncytial tegument (neodermis)
74
Mucus secreting structure that prevent leaking of water (prevent drying of worms) and aids in protection
Rhabdites
75
Swell and form a protective mucous sheath around the body when discharged
Rhabdites
76
Surface of the epidermis of free living has ...
Dual-gland adhesive organs
77
The mesodermal space is filled with muscle fibers and loose tissue called parenchyma, instead of a cavity
parenchyma cells
78
functions of parenchyma cells
- Structural support, - Nutrients storage and distribution - Contains totipotent stem cells
79
In general, platyhelminth digestive systems include a [...]
mouth, a pharynx, and an intestine (gastrovascular cavity)
80
digestion of parasitic organisms
Trematodes and Monogeneans have blind sac Cestodes have no digestive tract
81
has hooks and suckers that allow the tapeworm to attach to the intestinal wall of the host.
scolex
82
Each containing reproductive organs.
proglottids
83
Responsible for osmoregulation and excretion of waste
protonephridia
84
Cup-shaped Cells within protonephridia which filters excess wate
flame cells
85
The most primitive flatworm nervous system, found in some turbellarians Resembles the nerve net of cnidarians
Subepidermal nerve plexus
86
the nervous system of platyhelminthes have one to five pairs of
Longitudinal nerve cords
87
Light sensitive eye structure that measures light intensity and helps in correcting orientation and navigation
ocelli
88
Corrects balance (gravity) Equilibrium
statocysts
89
Responsible for sensing direction of water currents to find food and avoid predators
rheoreceptors
90
reproduction of platyhelminthes
asexual - fission sexual - copulation, fertilization, development
91
are platyhelminthes monoecious or dioecious?
monoecious

Zoology (8 decks)

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