PLATYHELMINTHS Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
important facts of platyhelminths
A
- flat worms
- hermaphrodites
2
Q
divisions of platyhelminths
A
- trematodes
- cestodes
3
Q
divisions of cestodes
A
- Oder Pseudophyllidean
- Order Cyclophyllidean
4
Q
division of trematodes
A
- schistosomes (blood flukes)
- tissue flukes
5
Q
general characteristic of cestodes
A
- ribbon-like and segmented
- covered by tegument
6
Q
outer surface of the cestode’s body and absorbs nutrients
A
Tegument
7
Q
part of tegument; hairlike filaments
A
Microtritches
8
Q
organ for attachment
A
scolex
9
Q
region of growth
A
neck
10
Q
chain of progressively developing hermaphroditic segments (proglottids) which develops from the distal part of the neck
A
strobila
11
Q
number of cestodes’ segments
A
3-4000
12
Q
cestodes undergo the process of_____
A
protandry
13
Q
form of hermaphrodism; can shift between male and female sexes
A
protandry
14
Q
proglottids overlap
A
craspedote
15
Q
proglottids don’t overlap
A
acraspedote
16
Q
segments are detached from the main body of the worm and eggs are eventually released
A
apolytic
17
Q
segments remain attached; proglottid shed when exhausted of eggs
A
anapolytic
18
Q
t/f: no alimentary tract and vascular system
A
t
19
Q
have separate male and female reproductive organs on the same individual (focus more on characteristic)
A
Monoecious
20
Q
self-fertilizing; have both male and female reproductive organs on the same individual (focus more on action)
A
Hermaphrodite
21
Q
Locations of genital pore
A
- same side of proglottid
- bilateral
- ventral surface (center) with uterine pore
- irregularly alternate
22
Q
T/F : vas deferens and vagina have common genital pore
A
T
23
Q
Reticulate ova with capsules with lateral branches
A
Gravid segment
24
Q
Excretory system of cestodes
A
flame cell or protonephridium
25
One or more intermidiate host
heteroxenous
26
one intermediate host
homoxenous
27
no scolex; with oncospiral hooks
procercoid
28
with developing scolex and strobila (entire tapeworm body)
plerocercoid
29
slightly developed bladder
cyticercoid
30
true bladder
cysticercus
31
cyst is well-developed and multiple invaginated scolices
Coenurus
32
- cyst is well-developed
- brood capsules and daughter cells
Echinoccocus or Hydatid cyst
33
Infective stage of Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus or Hydatid cyst
34
other name for Echonococus
Hydatid cyst
35
Scolex: Almond/spatulate with 2 suctorial grooves
Pseudophyllidean
36
Scolex: Globular, club-shaped with 4 muscular suckers with or without spines or hooks
Cyclophillidean
37
Gential pore: center of proglottid
Pseudophyllidean
38
Genital pore: margin of proglottid
Cyclophyllidean
39
Uterine pore: center of segment
psedophyllidean
40
no uterine pore
cyclophyllidean
41
coiled uterus
pseudophyllidean
42
sac-like branched uterus and may contain eggs in capsule
cyclophyllidean
43
ova is operculated and immature
pseudophyllidean
44
ova is non-operculaetd and mature when laid
cyclophyllidean
45
onco larva is coracidium and ciliated
pseudophyllidean
46
onco larva is a hexacanth (oncosphere) embryo and nonciliated
cyclophyllidean
47
onco larva has 3 pairs fo hooks and motile
cyclophyllidean
48
2 main classes fo cestode larvae
- solid
- vesicular, bladder or cystic
49
meta cestode larva is solid
pseusophyllidean
50
meta cestode larva is cystic or bladder
cyclophyllidean
51
example of pseudophyllidean
Diphyllobothrium latum
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example of cyclophyllidean
- Hymenolepis species
- Dipulidium caninum
- Echinococcus species
- Taenia species
53
largest human tapeworm
DIphyllobothrium latum
54
length of Diphyllobothrium latum
10 meters
55
from raw or undercooked freshwater fish
Diphyllobothrium latum
56
Diphyllobothrium latum is asymptomatic in what infection
light infection
57
chemical that interferes with intrinsic factor and vitamin B12 absorption
Diphyllobothrium anemia
58
common name for Diphyllobothrium latum
Fish tapeworm or Broad tapeworm
59
related species to Diphyllobothrium latum
- D. pacificum
- D. cordatum
- D. ursi
- D. dendriticum
- D. lanceolatum
- D. dallidae
- D. yonagoensis
60
color of adult Diphyllobothrium latum
ivory white
61
longest tapeworm of man
Diphyllobothrium latum
62
how many proglotoods does D. latum have?
4000
63
what are D. latum suctorial grooves called
bothria
64
describe the proglottid of D. latum
Broader (2-4 mm long and 10-12 mm wide)
65
parasite with coiled uterus (rosette)
D. latum
66
ovum is single-shelled and operculated and immature if found in feces
D.latum
67
color of D. latum ovum
yellowish to yellow-brown
68
measurement of D. latum ovum
30-50 um
69
liberated from the eggshell, ciliated and swims freely in the water
Coracidium fo D. latum
70
measures 550 microns in length with 3 pairs of hooklets
Procercoid
71
Infective stage to man (D. latum)
Plerocercoid or sparganum
72
- 6mm in length
- glistening and opaque white
Plerocercoid/Sparganum
73
Has an invaginated anterior end
Plerocercoid/Sparganum
74
Reservoir host of D. latum
dogs and cats
75
Final host of D. latum
man
76
1st infective host of D. latum
copepods
77
2nd infective host of D. latum
fresh water fishes
78
disease caused by D. latum
Diphyllobothriasis or Broad tapeworm infection
79
pernicious type of anemia caused by D. latum
Bothriocephalus anemia
80
clinical finding of Bothriocephalus anemia
Macrocytic Normochromic anemia
81
presence of plerocercoid in man; ingestion of cyclops
Sparganosis
82
intense inflammation and eosinophilia caused by D. latum
Sparganosis
83
edematous swelling of the eyelids causing intense pain and irritation
Ocular Sparganosis
84
what is examined for the detection of D. latum
proglottids
85
primary treatment for D. latum infection
Praziquantel
86
injected to the lesion to kill plerocercoid
40% ethyl alcohol with procaine
87
prevention for D. latum
- freezing (-18'C) for 24 hours, thorough cooking or pickling of fish kills the larvae
- fish reservoirs should be kept free of raw sewage
- boiling and filtering of drinking water
- De-worming of reservoir host
88
common name of Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
89
humans are both definitive and intermediate host
T. solium
90
major disease caused by T. solium
Cysticercosis
91
how many testes does T. solium have
150-200
92
Infective stage of T. solium
Cysticercus cellulosae
93
where does the T. solium harbor in man
jejunum
94
Its head is as small as a matchstick head
Taenia solium
95
Slightly smaller than T. saginata (2-7 meters)
Taenia solium
96
Globular scolex with 4 suckers
Taenia solium
97
how many uterine branches does T. solium have
7-12 uterine branches
98
how many proglottids does T. solium have
800-1000
99
t/f: eggs of T. solium and T. saginata are indistinguishable
T
100
sperical brown, measures 31-35 microns
ova of T.solium
101
how many eggs does T. solium have per segment?
30000-50000 eggs
102
common name of Taenia saginata
beef tapeworm
103
definitive host of Taenia saginata
man
104
pear-shaped head (scolex) with four suckers but no hooks
T. saginata
105
uterine branches of Taenia saginata
15-30 branches
106
proglottids of T. saginata
1000-2000
107
ova is round and yellow-brown with peripheral radial striations
T. saginata
108
contains and embryo with 3 hooklets
T. saginata
109
disease of T.saginata
Taeniasis saginata
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disturbance in the normal functions of the digestive tract with systemic intoxication
Taeniasis saginata
111
Laboratory diagnosis for T. saginata
- Stool examination (concentration technique)
- Perianal scotch tape method
112
treatment for T. saginata
- Praziquantel
- Niclosamide (not locally available)
113
what dye is used to examine proglottids in the feces
India ink or safranin
114
what guage is used to inject india ink or safranin
26 guage
115
scolex is armed with rostellum with 4 muscular suckers
T. solium
116
scolex is unarmed with 4 muscular suckers
T. saginata
117
4 cup-shaped suckers with rostellum armed and hooklets arranged in 2 rows
T. solium
118
pyriform in shape
T. saginata
119
mature proglottids is roughly square with unilateral or irregularly alternate genital pore with accessory ovarian lobe
Taenia solium
120
mature proglottids are irregularly alternate lateral genital pore without accessory ovarian lobe
Taenia saginata
121
how many testes does T. saginata have
300-400
122
infective stage of Taenia saginata
Cysticercus bovis
123
ellipsoidal, translucent, thin-walled bladder with an opaque invaginated neck and scolex equipped with suckers and hooks
Cysticercus cellulosae
124
pinkish cyst, opaque, with invaginated neck and scolex with 4 suckers
Cysticercus bovis
125
ova is mature when laid
T. solium
126
aborigines of Taiwan
Taiwan taenia
127
Inteemediate host of Taiwan taenia
varied (pigs, cattle, goats, wild bores, and monkeys
128
Taenia spp that resebles Taenia solium
Taiwan taenia
129
gravid segments have 11-32 uterine branches
taiwan taenia
130
common name of Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm
131
intermediate host of Hymenolepis nana
- fleas
- rice and flour beetles (Tenebrio spp)
132
Definitive host of Hymenolepis nana
mans, rats, mice
133
infective stage of H. nana
- embryonated ova
- Cysticercoid larva
134
direct life cycle: no intermediate host or vector
Embryonated ova
135
infective stage of H. nana that has an indirect life cycle
Cysticercoid larva
136
small hookworms has a length of 15-50 mm
Hymenolepis nana
137
scolex has retractable anterior rostellum with 20-30 Y-shaped hooklets
Hymenolepis nana
138
what is the diameter of H. nana ova
45um
139
presence of 4-8 polar filaments
Hymenolepis nana ova
140
disease caused by Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm infection
141
common name of Hymenolepis diminuta
rat tapeworm
142
t/f: humans are accidental hosts of H. diminuta
t
143
Intermidiate host of H. diminuta
insects (beetles, cockroach, rats)
144
definitive host of H. diminuta
rat and man
145
infective stage of H. diminuta
cysticercoid larva
146
adult length is 40-60 cm
Hymenolepis diminuta
147
scolex is club-shaped with unarmed rostellum (no hooks) with four suckers
Hymenolepis diminuta
148
proglottids have 3 ovoid testes and 1 ovary, genital pores are unilateral, and uterus: sac-like with eggs
Hymenolepis diminuta
149
hexacanth larva (larvae) with fan-like hooklets
Hymenolepis diminuta
150
infection caused by H. diminuta
Hymenolepiasis diminuta
151
number of segments in H. nana
200
152
number of segments of H. diminuta
800-1000
153
uterus is sacculate, contains 80-180 eggs
Hymenolepis nana
154
sacculate filled with egg masses
Hymenolepis diminuta
155
Habitat: small intestines of rats and mice
H. diminuta
156
Habitat: upper 2/3 of ileum
Hymenolepis nana
157
Infective stage of H. nana
Embryonated ova nad Cysticercoid larva
158
Infective stage of H. diminuta
Cysticercoid larva
159
Enclosed in an inner membrane and lacks bipolar filaments
H. diminuta
160
Mature proglottid of H. nana and H. diminuta
Trapezoidal
