Pleura, Chest Wall, and Miscellaneous Disorders Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is the most common benign manifestation of asbestos inhalation?
Pleural plaques.
20 to 30 years after initial asbestos exposure.
Pleural plaques secondary to asbestosis affects what layer of the pleura?
Parietal pleural.
Most common over the diaphragm and lower posterolateral chest wall.
Pleural plaques secondary to interstitial fibrosis affects what layer of the pleura?
Visceral pleural.
Along the the major fissures.
What is the most common thoracic manifestation of asbestos inhalation?
Pleural plaques.
What is the most common pulmonary manifestation of asbestosis?
Rounded atelectasis.
What is the earliest manifestation of the asbestos-related pleural disease?
Pleural effusion.
10-20 years after initial exposure.
NOTE: if pleural effusion develops after >20 years, evaluate for mesothelioma.
What is the term for diffuse pleural thickening involving >1/4 of the costal pleural surface?
Fibrothorax.
Involve both parietal and visceral pleural.
Follows asbestosis-related pleural effusion.
Which of the following is dose related complication of asbestosis?
a. Pleural plaques.
b. Mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma.
Pleural plaques are dose related.
What is the most widely used form of asbestos?
Chrysotile.
Another form of asbestos is crocidolite.
What are the imaging features of the malignant mesothelioma?
Thick (>1 cm) and nodular diffuse pleural thickening.
Calcification.
Pleural effusion.
Malignant involvement of the mediastinal pleura.
What is the most common cause of transudative pleural effusion?
Congestive heart failure.
Describe the 3 stages of the parapneumonic effusion.
Exudative stage: visceral pleural inflammation resulting to increasing capillary permeability.
Fibrinopurulent stage: fibrin deposits which impairs fluid resorption and produces loculations.
Parapneumonic effusion: pleural fibrosis and lung entrapment.
Describe the 3 stages of the parapneumonic effusion.
Exudative stage: visceral pleural inflammation resulting to increasing capillary permeability.
Fibrinopurulent stage: fibrin deposits which impairs fluid resorption and produces loculations.
Parapneumonic effusion: pleural fibrosis and lung entrapment.
Describe split pleural sign.
Split pleural sign: individual visualization of the enhancing visceral and parietal pleural separated by a empyema. Useful sign to differentiate empyema from pulmonary abscess.
What type of pleural effusion is associated with Meig’s Syndrome?
Transudative.
Benign pleural effusion.
Where would be the chylothorax when the thoracic duct is disrupted on its upper segment?
Left.
Where would be the chylothorax when the thoracic duct is disrupted on its lower segment?
Right.
What are the signs of pneumothorax on supine radiograph?
Hyperlucent upper abdomen.
Deep sulcus sign.
Double diaphragm sign.
Epicardial fat pad sign.
Most common cause of primary or spontaneous pneumothorax?
Marfan syndrome.
In young and middle-aged men.
What is the most common predisposing condition for secondary pneumothorax?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Most common laterality of unilateral pleural effusion.
Right-sided pleural effusion.
Differentiate a medially-retracted lung versus fallen-lung sign.
Fallen lung sign: lateral displacement of atelectatic lung, due to disruption of the proximal bronchi secondary to trauma.
Medially retracted lung: seen in the tension pneumothorax.
Pleural calcification secondary to hemothorax and empyema involves what layer?
Visceral pleura.
Unilateral absence of sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, rib anomalies, and syndactyly.
Poland syndrome.
