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Neuro Anatomy > Plexuses > Flashcards

Plexuses Flashcards

1
Q

What is a plexus ?

A

Axons from different spinal nerves will come together into a systemic nerve. This occurs at four places along the vertebral column, each identified as a nerve plexus, whereas the other spinal nerves directly correspond to nerves at their respective levels. Therefore a plexus is used to describe a network of nerve fibers with no associated cell bodies.

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2
Q

What are the four plexus ?

A
  • cervical plexus
  • brachial plexus
  • lumbar plexus
  • sacral plexus
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3
Q

List the muscular branches of the cervical plexus

A
  • nerves to the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • phrenic nerve
  • other muscular branches
    rectus capitis; longus capitis; paravertebral muscles; sternocleiomastoid; levatore scapulae; trapezius; scalenus
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4
Q

List the sensory branches of the cervical plexus

A
  • greater auricular nerve : external ear and parotid gland
  • transverse cervical nerve : sensation to the anterior neck
  • lesser occipital nerve = Arnold’s nerve : postero superior part of scalp
  • supraclavicular nerve : skin of supraclavicular fossa
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5
Q

What is the function of the brachial plexus

A

Network of nerve fibers that supply the skin and musculature of upper body
Formed by the ventral rami of the nerve root C5 to T1
Divided into 5 parts:
- roots
- trunks
- division
- cords
- branches

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6
Q

List the brachial plexus roots

A

C5 to T1
Forming :
- dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
- long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

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7
Q

List the trunks of the brachial plexus

A
  • superior (C5,C6)
  • middle (C7)
  • inferior (C8,T1)

Forming the :
- subclavius trunk
- suprascapular trunk

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8
Q

What is Erb’s point?

A

The nerve point of neck is a site at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus located 2-3 cm above the clavicle. There are 6 types of nerves that meet at this point. Used for cervical plexus block

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9
Q

What are the branches emerging from cords of the brachial plexus ?

A

ANTERIOR DIVISION
- lateral pectoral nerve
- medial pectoral nerve
- medial brachial cutaneous nerve (arm)
- antebrachial cutaneous nerve (forearm)

POSTERIOR DIVISION
- upper and lower subscapular nerves
- thoracodorsal nerve

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10
Q

List the branches of the brachial plexus

A
  • musculocutaneous
  • axillary
  • median
  • radial
  • ulnar
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11
Q

What are the sensory functions of the axillary nerve ?

A

Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

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12
Q

What are the motor functions of the axillary nerve ?

A
  • teres minor
  • deltoid
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13
Q

What are the sensory functions of the musculocutaneous nerve ?

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of the forearm

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14
Q

What are the motor functions of the musculocutaneous nerve ?

A

Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

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15
Q

What are the motor functions of the median nerve ?

A

Flexors of the forearm
Thenar muscles
Index and middle fingers

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16
Q

What are the sensory functions of the median nerve ?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch
Digital cutaneous branch

17
Q

What are the motor functions of the radial nerve ?

A

Triceps brachii
Extensors of wrist and fingers

18
Q

What are the sensory functions of the radial nerve ?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

19
Q

What are the motor functions of the ulnar nerve ?

A

Muscles of the hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

20
Q

What are the sensory functions of radial nerve ?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch
Dorsal branch
Superficial branch
Deep branch

21
Q

What is the function of the lumbar plexus ?

A

It is a network of nerve fibers that supply the skin and muscles of the lower limbs. Located within the posas major
Formed by the ventral rami of the lumbar spinal nerves L1 to L4

22
Q

What are the peripheral nerves composing the lumbar plexus ?

A
  • iliohypograstric nerve
  • ilioinguinal nerve
  • genitofemoral nerve
  • lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  • obturator nerve
23
Q

What are the functions of the iliohypogastric nerve ?

A

Originated from T12 and C1

Motor functions:
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique

Sensory functions:
Gluteal skin in pubic region

24
Q

What are the fonctions of the ilioinguinal nerve ?

A

L1
Motor functions :
-transverse abdominis
- internal oblique

Sensory functions :
-skin on the upper middle thigh
-root of penis and anterior scrotum
- skin on mons pubis and labia majora

25
Q

What are the functions of the genitofemoral nerve ?

A

L1, L2
Motor functions:
- genital branch : cremaster muscle

Sensory functions:
- genital branch :
Skin of anterior scrotum
Mons pubis/labia majora
- femoral branch :
Skin on upper anterior thigh

26
Q

What are the functions of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh ?

A

L2,L3
No motor function
Sensory functions:
-anterior and lateral thigh down to knee

27
Q

What are the functions of the obturator nerve ?

A

L2,L3,L4
Motor functions :
- obturator externus
- pectineus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- gracilis

Sensory function :
Skin over the medial thigh

28
Q

What are the functions of the femoral nerve ?

A

L2,L3,L4
Motor functions:
- illiac us
- pectineus
- sartorius
- quadriceps group

Sensory:
—> medial and lateral branches of the anterior cutaneous thigh : skin of anterior thigh and medial leg
—> saphenous nerve : skin of front and side knee, down to foot (big toe)

29
Q

What is the function of the sacral plexus ?

A

A network of nerve fibers supplying the skin and muscles of pelvis and lower limb.
Formed by the ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves S1 to L5

30
Q

What are the major peripheral nerves coming out of sacral plexus ?

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • sciatic nerve
  • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • pudendal nerve
31
Q

What are the functions of the superior gluteal nerve

A

L4,L5,S1
Motor functions:
- gluteus minimus
-gluteus medius
- tensor fascia lata

No sensory functions

32
Q

What are the functions of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5,S1,S2
Motor functions :
Gluteus Maximus

No sensory function

33
Q

What are the functions of the posterior cutaneous nerve ?

A

S1,S2,S3
No motor function

Sensory functions :
- skin of the posterior thigh and leg
- skin of the perineum

34
Q

What are the functions of the pudendal nerve ?

A

S2,S3,S4
Motor functions:
- skeletal muscles in the perineum
- external urethral sphincter
- external anal sphincter
- levatore ani

Sensory functions:
- penis
- clitoris
- skin of perineum

35
Q

What are the functions of the sciatic nerve ?

A

L4 to S3

Motor function:

Tibial portion:
- muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh and hamstring component of the adductor magnus
- muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and sole of the foot

Common fibular portion :
- short head of biceps femoris
- muslces in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg and extensor digitorum brevis

Sensory functions :

Tibial portion :
- skin on the posterolateral and medial surfaces of the foot and sole of the foot

Common fibular portion :
-skin on the anterolateral surface of the leg and the dorsal aspect of the foot

36
Q

Describe the different branches of the peroneal nerve

A

CUTANEOUS BRANCHES
- lateral sural cutaneous nerve
- sural communicating nerve

MOTOR BRANCHES
- superficial peroneal nerve
- deep peroneal nerve

37
Q

What are the branches of the tibial nerve ?

A

CUTANEOUS BRANCHES
- medial calcaneal branches
- medial plantar nerve
- lateral plantar nerve

MOTOR BRANCHES
-posterior compartment of the leg

Neuro Anatomy (15 decks)

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