Plots And Revolts At Home Flashcards
(27 cards)
Why did the northern earls rebel
Many northern earls were still committed catholics. They wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism in England under a catholic monarch
The arrival of Mary queen of Scot’s in 1568 gave them hope that E could be replaced with M
Why did the northern earls rebel (2)
The earls had lost much of there influence at court under E. they resented the “new men” like William Cecil and RD
Es refusal to name an heir or to marry and have a child created uncertainty. The earls feared civil war and loss of power and wealth under a future Protestant monarch
What was the marriage plan.
Mary would marry the Duke of Norfolk, depose E and become queen. She told the Spanish Ambassador in 1569 that she “shall be queen of England in 3 months”
This was supported by Catholic nobles such as Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as E would be succeeded by a Catholic queen
How did the revolt happen
When the marraige plan was uncovered the earls feared they’d be executed for there involvement. Ina. Desperate attempt to escape punishment they rebelled and tried to overthrow E
How did the revolt go (2)
November 1569 the earls captured Durham where they celebrated the Catholic Mass in the cathedral and began to move south towards where Mary was imprisoned in Tutbery Derbyshire. E moved M to Coventry to stop her escaping to join the rebels
Why did the revolt fail
Support from Spain never arrived
northern landowners especially in Lancashire and Cheshire remain loyal
Many landowners didn’t want to risk losing wealth gained from the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry V111 by backing a failed revolt
Northumberland was executed as were at least 400 rebel troops
What was the revolts significance
It showed MQ of S couldn’t be trusted and the danger that she represented as a rallying point for english catholics
In 1570 pope excommunicated E and called on loyal catholics to despise her. Encouraged further catholics plots against her like the Ridolfi plot
Loyalty of English catholics was now in doubt forcing the government to take harsh steps against them
What was the background of the ridolfi plot
The failure of the R of the NE and the Papal Bull of 1570 meant that E treated Catholics with suspicion
Earl of Huntingdon a committed Protestant led the council of the north. Implemented laws against catholics in the north: angered many catholics who were now prepared (with the popes backing) to plot against E- led to ridolfi plot in 1571
What was the plan of the ridolfi plot
Roberto ridolfi was an Italian banker who lived in England and worked as a spy for the pope
In 1571 ridolfi plotted to murderE start a Spanish invasion and put M on the throne. M would then marry the Duke of Norfolk
How did the ridolfi plot fail
Sir William Cecil discovered the plot in 1571 and was able to prove that Norfolk was guilty of high treason because they also intercepted letter sent my Mary
When Parliament reconvenes in may 1572 it demanded the execution of both Norfolk and Mary. E signed norfolks death warrant however E was reluctant to punish Mary and even refused to remove her from the succession
What was the significance of the ridolfi plot
Reinforced the threat from Spain as Phillip 11 woild support any plots against E. meant thag england needed to improve relations with france as England couldn’t fight both countries at once
Significance of ridolfi plot (2)
Confirmed that English catholics and M remained a threat to E. This meant that the government now began to monitor catholics more closely and treat them more severely. Two laws passed in 1581 meant that families could be fined for sheltering priests and charged with treason if they converted people to Catholicism
What happened in the theockmorton plot (1583)
The french duke of guise a cousin of Mary plotted to invade England and overthrow E, free Mary and restore Catholicism
A leading figure in this plot was Francis Throckmorton -young catholic man who carried messages between Mary and catholic conspirators abroad
However uncovered by Walsingham who placed throckmorton under surveillance for several months
Why was the response to he throckmorton plot
In November 1583 walsinghams spies found papers at throckmorton house thay revealed his part in the conspiracy
Throckmorton arrested and tortured la confessed his involvement and arrested in may 1584
Why was the throckmorton plot significant
Revealed extent of threat posed by foreign catholic powers, english catholics and Mary
Showed potential threat from France and Spain, E had to take care these catholic powers didnt unite against her
Significance of throckmorton plot (2)
Government treated English catholics with greater suspicion. Many fled England after the plot
Up to 11000 we’re imprisoned or kept under surveillance/house arrest
Act of Parliament in 1585 made helping or sheltering catholic priests punishable with death
What was the babington plot
Another conspiracy involving France and Spain. Planned to assassinate E and give the English throne to Mary this time with the support of a join Franco-Spanish invasion force
What happened in the babington plot in 1586
The duke of guise would invade England,murder E and put M on the throne. Anthony Babington wrote to Mary in July 1586 about the conspiracy
Through his spy network, walsingham followed every stage of the plot. He secretly intercepted and read Bs letters to Mary which clearly demonstrated her awareness of and involvement in the conspiracy
What was the result of the babington plot in 1586
Babington and the plotters were sentenced to death and hanged
In 1586 Mary was sentenced to death for her role in the plot. E delayed but signed Mary’s death warrant in feb 1587. Mary was beheaded shortly afterwards
What was the significan fee of the babington plot in 1586
The persecution of catholics intensified. In 1585 11000 catholics were imprisoned and placed under house arrest. 31 priests were executed across the country
Led to the execution of M ending any hope of replacing E with a catholic heir
Why was Sir Francis Walsingham important
His actions provided intelligence that defeated plots such as the throckmorton and babington plot in 1583 and 86.
Which also deterred further plots against E
His intelligence unmasked the activities of M which put pressure on E to execute her and led to her execution in early 1587
How did walsingham use cipher
He used ciphers for all correspondence. This meant that letters would be written in code and translated out of code once received
Also had the means of deciphering the code of those who plotted agaisnt E. he hired specialists such as Thomas Phelippes to help him do this
How did Walsingham use torture and execution
Some priests were tortured to deter others and force them to give up info. Under Walsingham 130 priests and 60 of there supporters were put to death
This was often more effective as it would provide Walsingham with informants he could use against any plotters
How did Walsingham use his spy network
Had a network of spies and informants in every town. Some of his agents were paid and trained by the government
Others were paid informants who likely knew potential plotters against E
They were sometimes catholic priests like John Hart who turned informant in return for a Royal Pardon
Also used spies abroad. Had agents in Italy, France, Germany and Spain
