Plots And Revolts At Home

Question 1

When was the revolt of the northern earls?

Answer 1

1569-70

Question 2

What did the Northern Earls want?

Answer 2

Catholicism in England

Question 3

Why were the earls annoyed with Elizabeth?

Answer 3

They had lost a lot of influence in court since she became Queen

Question 4

how did Elizabeth make England’s future uncertain?

Answer 4

No heir

Question 5

Why was MQS such a threat?

Answer 5

Was a strong figurehead for Catholicism as she was captive in England. Able to replace Elizabeth which appealed to Earls.

Question 6

Why was it difficult for Mary to marry Norfolk?

Answer 6

It wasn’t treason but the marriage of members of the nobility required the Queen’s consent

Question 7

Why was the Duke of Norfolk ideal for the revolt?

Answer 7

Sympathetic to Catholics and close to Northumberland and Westmorland who preferred MQS as monarch

Question 8

When was the plan for the revolt against Elizabeth released and by who?

Answer 8

September 1569 by Robert Dudley

Question 9

What did the plan for the revolt released by Dudley state?

Answer 9

. Northumberland and Westmorland Earls (Percy and Neville) take control of Durham
. Rebels march South to join Duke of Norfolk
. Spanish troops in Hartlepool help out
. Seize control of government
. Resistance overthrown by Spanish troops
. Meanwhile, Mary released and ready to marry Duke of Norfolk, taking the throne

Question 10

What happened to Norfolk after Elizabeth found out about the plans?

Answer 10

He was arrested

Question 11

What did Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland do after hearing the plans were leaked?

Answer 11

Went ahead with the revolt and took control of the cathedral from James Pilkington, heading for Durham. They destroyed evidence of Protestantism and held masses. Headed south and bannered religious symbols

Question 12

Did the revolt succeed or fail?

Answer 12

Fail. Spanish troops never arrived ans Elizabeth raised a 14,000 man army

Question 13

What was the consequences of the threat of the rebellion to Elizabeth?

Answer 13

450 rebels were executed throughout North London as a warning

Question 14

Which of the earls got away and which didn’t?

Answer 14

Westmorland got away but Northumberland executed in 1572

Question 15

What happened to Norfolk?

Answer 15

Privy Council called for his execution but Elizabeth released him

Question 16

How long was Mary kept in captivity after the rebellion?

Answer 16

14 years

Question 17

Why didn’t Elizabeth want to kill Mary or Norfolk?

Answer 17

Mary had been overthrown by the Scots from being the rightful queen. If she killed her, Elizabeth would look like she agreed with that decision

Question 18

What did the pope do in response to the failed revolt?

Answer 18

Issued a papal bull in 1570, excommunicating Elizabeth and getting loyal Catholics to depose her.

Question 19

How did Elizabeth strike back to the pope’s papal bull?

Answer 19

1571, parliament made it treason to claim the queen was a heretic, not the queen or to print papal bulls in England

Question 20

What was the significances of the Revolt of the northern earls?

Answer 20

. First and most serious act of rebellion in Elizabeth’s reign
. Ended power of Percy and Neville families in North England.
. Prompted harsher treatments for Catholics
. English Catholics loyalty to Elizabeth in doubt due to the papal bull

Question 21

What happened to treason laws after the revolt?

Answer 21

Became harsher and treason definition widened.

Question 22

Did most of the Cathoics in the North stay loyal to Elizabeth?

Answer 22

Yes, despite brutal executions

Question 23

When was the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 23

1571

Question 24

Explain the plan in the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 24

To murder Elizabeth, launch a Spanish invasion, put MQS on the throne and marry the Duke of Norfolk

Question 25

What did Ridolfi sign a letter saying in the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 25

Norfolk was Catholic and would rebel if Philip supported the plot

Question 26

Who uncovered the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 26

William Cecil. Found Norfolk guilty of high treason

Question 27

Why did Ridolfi never return to England after the plot?

Answer 27

Afraid of getting caught

Question 28

When was Norfolk killed?

Answer 28

June 1572. Elizabeth couldn't bring herself to kill Mary

Question 29

How did the Ridolfi Plot reinforce the threat posed by Mary, Catholics and Spain?

Answer 29

As it came so soon after the papal bull excommunicated Elizabeth

Question 30

What did Elizabeth concentrate on after the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 30

Improving relations with France as Philip was involved in the plot

Question 31

Who was smuggled into England in the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 31

Catholic Priests

Question 32

What two laws did parliament pass against Catholics after the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 32

. Converting was a treasonable offence . Recusants would be fined £20 in 1581

Question 33

Who were the key people in the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 33

Roberti Ridolfi (Florentine Conspirator and banker. One of the pope's spies) The pope Duke of Alba Philip II Duke of Norfolk MQS

Question 34

When was the Throckmorton Plot?

Answer 34

1573

Question 35

What was the plan in the Throckmorton plot?

Answer 35

Overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism, putting MQS on the throne

Question 36

How was Throckmorton plot discovered?

Answer 36

Francis Walsingham's agents found incriminating papers at Throckmorton's house

Question 37

How did Throckmorton end up dying?

Answer 37

Arrested in November 1583, tortured, confessed and was executed in May 1584.

Question 38

Who were the key people in the Throckmorton plot?

Answer 38

Duke of Guise (French), Francis Throckmorton, MQS, pope

Question 39

What did the Throckmorton plot emphasise?

Answer 39

The threat of foreign Catholic powers, English Catholics and Mary

Question 40

Evidence to show that the Throckmorton plot showed fear of Catholics within was real?

Answer 40

There was a list of Catholic sympathisers in England

Question 41

How did life become harder for Catholics after the Throckmorton plot?

Answer 41

11,000 imprisoned, sheltering priests became a capital crime

Question 42

When was the Babington Plot?

Answer 42

1586

Question 43

What was the plan of the Babington plot?

Answer 43

Elizabeth assassinated, Duke of Guise would invade with 60,000 men, MQS put on throne

Question 44

Why was MQS so careful in the Babington plot?

Answer 44

She was being watched and her letters were being intercepted by Walsingham's spy network

Question 45

What were sufficient details on the Babington Plot?

Answer 45

Names of 6 Catholic priests prepared to assassinate Elizabeth.

Question 46

What happened to those involved in the Babington Plot?

Answer 46

All arrested. Babington and accomplices hung, drawn and quartered

Question 47

What happened to MQS in the Babington plot?

Answer 47

Tried by the Privy council and later executed

Question 48

Why was MQS execution unavoidable?

Answer 48

Too many plots surrounding Mary to believe she was innocent

Question 49

When was MQS executed and why did it take so long?

Answer 49

8th Feb 1587. Elizabeth again hesitant to sign death warrant

Question 50

Who were key people in Babington Plot?

Answer 50

Philip II and pope agreed to plot Anthont Babington had Catholic links with French and wrote to MQS about plot in July 1586. Duke of Guise MQS

Question 51

When had Anglo-Spanish relations broken down by?

Answer 51

1585

Question 52

Was why Elizabeth more vulnerable in the Babington plot?

Answer 52

English were aiding dutch rebellion at the time

Question 53

How was it clear that Elizabeth's government became determined to crush Catholicism after the Babington plot?

Answer 53

31 priests executed and 300 arrests of recusants in North London alone

Question 54

What did MQS execution mean?

Answer 54

There were no Catholics to replace Elizabeth with a Catholic heir

Question 55

What did the 1585 Act for Preservation of the Queen's safety state?

Answer 55

If Elizabeth is assassinated, MQS blocked from succession

Question 56

What led to MQS finally being executed?

Answer 56

As she was found guilty for actually playing a role in the Babington plot as evidence from Sir Francis Walsingham was enough for her conviction in 1586.

Question 57

When did Elizabeth sign MQS death warrant?

Answer 57

Reluctantly in Feb 1587

Question 58

How was MQS and Spanish threat to England clear by 1587?

Answer 58

Clear that Philip II was planning an attack on England and there were rumours that Spanish troops were in Wales and Mary had escaped

Question 59

What was the significance of MQS execution?

Answer 59

. Removed important threat to Elizabeth . Philip II had been planning to invade since 1585. Execution gave him more reason to depose Elizabeth

Question 60

Who did MQS leave the claim to the throne to after she died?

Answer 60

Philip II

Question 61

When did Francis Walsingham become Secretary of State?

Answer 61

1573

Question 62

Why was Walsingham so important in the plots?

Answer 62

He developed a network of spies and informers and was crucial in uncovering plots as he had spies in every county and important town

Question 63

Who were most of the spies in Walsingham's network?

Answer 63

Mostly ordinary people paid to get information but some were trained agents

Question 64

Where were agents for Walsingham by 1580?

Answer 64

In 12 French towns, 9 in Germany, 4 in Spain etc

Question 65

How did Walsingham catch plotters?

Answer 65

Used ciphers to hide plans to catch plotters

Question 66

How did Walsingham discover traitors?

Answer 66

Used agent provocateurs (agents who joined groups expected of wrongdoing)

Question 67

How far did Walsingham go with the spying?

Answer 67

Even spied on nobility

Question 68

What punishment didn't Walsingham approve of for the smuggled Catholic priests?

Answer 68

Torture as it would make people sympathetic to them

Question 69

What happened to the Catholic priests?

Answer 69

Some were executed but some had a special prison built for them, not harsh

Question 70

How many priests and plot supporters were executed in Elizabeth's reign?

Answer 70

130 priests and 60 supporteds