PLT

Question 1

Bandura

Answer 1

Social Learning Theory: people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. A bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories.

Question 2

Bruner

Answer 2

Identified three stages of cognitive representation. Enactive, representation of knowledge through actions. Iconic, visual summarization of images. And Symbolic Representation, use of words or other symbols to describe experiences.

Question 3

Dewey

Answer 3

Founder of the philosophical movement known as pragmatism. Leader of progressive movement in education.

Question 4

Piaget

Answer 4

Theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called genetic epistemology. Measure how well a child constructs a mental model of the world.

Question 5

Vygotsky

Answer 5

Sociocultural Theory: suggests that social interaction leads to continuous step by step changes in children’s thought and behavior that can vary greatly from culture to culture.

Question 6

Kohlberg

Answer 6

The theory of Moral Development is a very interesting subject that stemmed from Jean Piagets theory of moral reasoning. Made us understand that mortality starts from early childhood years and can be affected by several factors.

Question 7

Bloom

Answer 7

Bloom’s Taxonomy was created in 1956 under the leadership of educational psychologist Dr. Benjamin Bloom in order to promote higher forms of thinking in education, such as analyzing and evaluating concepts, processes, procedures, and principles, rather than just remembering facts.

Question 8

Metacognition

Answer 8

Awareness and understanding of ones own thought processes.

Question 9

Scheme

Answer 9

A representation of a plan or theory in the form of an outline or model.

Question 10

Transfer

Answer 10

Dependency of human conduct, learning, or performance on prior experience.

Question 11

Self-efficacy

Answer 11

Defined by Bandura as ones belief in ones ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Ones sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges.

Question 12

Self Regulation

Answer 12

The fact of something such as an organization regulating itself without intervention from external bodies.

Question 13

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Answer 13

The difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help. It is a concept introduced, yet not fully developed by vygotsky.

Question 14

Classical and Operant conditioning

Answer 14

Operant conditioning is reinforcement, classical is more association between stimuli and responses. Operant is based on voluntary behavior, classical involves involuntary reflexive behavior.

Question 15

Variables that affect how students learn and perform:

Answer 15

Learning style, gender, culture, socioeconomic status, prior knowledge and experience, motivation, self-confidence, self-esteem, cognitive development, maturity, and language. Provide examples with how these might affect.

Question 16

ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)

Answer 16

Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and governmental activists.

Question 17

IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

Answer 17

A law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. Provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities.

Question 18

Section 504, Rehabilitation Act

Answer 18

American Legislation that guarantees certain rights to people with disabilities.

Question 19

IEP

Answer 19

If students have IEP, some really need it to better their learning

Question 20

ELL Students

Answer 20

If they don’t understand the language you could get an interpreter, or one of the ELL teachers if there is one in the building.

Question 21

Thorndike

Answer 21

Work on animal behavior and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism, which states that behavioral responses to specific stimuli are established through a process of trial and error that’s affects neural connections between the stimuli and the most satisfying responses.

Question 22

Watson

Answer 22

Established the psychological school of behaviorism. Psychology should be the science of observable behavior.

Question 23

Maslow

Answer 23

Psychologist who developed a humanistic approach to psychology. Best known for his hierarchy of needs.

Question 24

Skinner

Answer 24

Behaviorist, developed the theory of operant conditioning, the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again.

Question 25

Erikson

Answer 25

Developed eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life. The stages are Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair.

Question 26

Self- determination

Answer 26

The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.

Question 27

Attribution

Answer 27

The action of regarding something as being caused by a person or thing.

Question 28

Extrinsic/intrinsic motivation

Answer 28

Extrinsic- refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise.
Intrinsic- performing an action or behavior because you enjoy the activity itself.

Question 29

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 29

The state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.

Question 30

Classic and operant conditioning

Answer 30

Classic–a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired.
Operant– a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment are key concepts.

Question 31

Positive and negative reinforcement.

Answer 31

Positive- very powerful and effective tool to help shape and change behavior. Works by presenting a motivating item to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future.
Negative- a term described by skinner, a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.