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English Argument Analysis > PLT + Their Effect > Flashcards

PLT + Their Effect Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Alliteration effect

A
  • Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning
  • Makes text more engaging and memorable
  • Adds emphasis, reinforces meaning
  • Draws attention to keywords or ideas
  • Can elicit an emotional response
  • Linguistic innovation
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2
Q

Active voice effect

A
  • Direct + clear
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3
Q

Assonance effect

A
  • Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning
  • Makes text more engaging and memorable
  • Adds emphasis, reinforces meaning
  • Draws attention to keywords or ideas
  • Can elicit an emotional response
  • Linguistic innovation
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4
Q

Adjective effect

A
  • Adds detail to make the text interesting
  • Can imply something positive or negative
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5
Q

Allusion effect

A
  • Makes a comparison between situations in hopes audience will draw parallels
  • Adds humor
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6
Q

Attack effect

A
  • Belittles an opponents argument or actions and may lend weight the author
  • Disparagement of subject may sway audiences opinion
  • Can offend and alienate audience if overdone
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7
Q

Acronyms effect

A
  • Clarifying, manipulating, or obfuscating meaning
  • Makes text more engaging or memorable
  • Establishes expertise (shows knowledge of topic)
  • Reinforces social distance and authority
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8
Q

Antithesis effect

A
  • Clarifying, manipulating, or obfuscating meaning
  • Makes text more engaging or memorable
  • Establishes expertise (shows knowledge of topic)
  • Reinforces social distance and authority
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9
Q

Affixation effect

A
  • Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning
  • Makes texts more engaging or memorable
  • Establishes expertise (formal)
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10
Q

Abbreviation effect

A
  • Clarifying, manipulating, or obfuscating meaning
  • Makes text more engaging or memorable
  • Establishes expertise (shows knowledge of topic)
  • Reinforces social distance and authority
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11
Q

Bias effect

A
  • Can strengthen an argument if the bias seems reasonable and within context, and if the author has some authority
  • Can undermine an argument if disproportionate to the context
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12
Q

Blending effect

A
  • Efficiency
  • In-group membership (slang)
  • Linguisticuistic innovationtion
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13
Q

Backformation effect

A
  • Efficiency
  • In-group membership (slang)
  • Linguistic innovation
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14
Q

Cliche effect

A
  • Can sway an audience by appealing to something familiar
  • May make audience feel informed
  • May alienate more sophisticated audience
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15
Q

Connotative language effect

A
  • Encourages (subtly or overtly) audience to accept a particular implication
  • Seeks to persuade audience to accept a particular viewpoint of a person or event
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16
Q

Consonance effect

A
  • Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning
  • Makes text more engaging and memorable
  • Adds emphasis, reinforces meaning
  • Draws attention to keywords or ideas
  • Can elicit an emotional response
  • Linguistic innovation
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17
Q

Compounding effect

A
  • Efficiency
  • In-group membership (slang)
  • Linguistic innovation
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18
Q

Conversion of word class effect

A
  • Efficiency
  • In-group membership (slang)
  • clarifying, manipulating, obfuscating meaning
  • Makes text more engaging and memerable
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19
Q

Contraction effect

A
  • Efficiency
  • In-group membership (slang)
  • linguistic innovation
  • Mimic spoken language
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20
Q

Emotive appeal effect

A
  • Triggers an emotional response in audience
  • Evokes feelings of guilt, shame, horror, satisfaction, honour, etc
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21
Q

Emotive imagery effect

A
  • Targets an audiences emotional response (horror, excitement, disgust, outrage, etc)
  • Can alienate or offend some audiences (sensitive people, or those with different views to author)
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22
Q

Euphemism effect

A
  • Avoids offending or disturbing sore readers
  • Can provide subtlety is an otherwise difficult situation
  • Can undermine an argument if used innapropiately or overused
  • promote social harmony-negotiating social taboos and building . rapport
  • Politeness strategies
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23
Q

Emoticons, emojis, context-specific graphemes effect

A
  • Emoticons are used to add emotions by creating a recognisable facial concept. They are less frequently and arguably out of favour
  • Emojis are symbols to represent various emotions/actions/concepts
  • CSG allows users to communicate more deeply in a written text
    , adds understanding and coherence
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24
Q

Evidence effect

A
  • Can lend an argument considerable weight, lends credibility
  • Appeal to authority
  • Can undermine an argument if used to confuse or flood with too much information
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25
Formal language effect
- Creates a sophisticated, often authoritative style that can lend weight to an argument - Commands respect - Can
26
Figurative language effect
- In-group membership (slang) - Emphasis (strengthen concepts) - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority
27
Generalisation effect
- Seeks to validate a theory or contention, sometimes dubiously - Can be inferred to be evidence by naive audience - Can detract from or undermine if examples are unrealistic or illogical
28
Humour effect
- Often denigrates the subject - Can provide a more engaging and friendly tone - Audience can be swayed by having them enter into the joke
29
Hyperbole effect
- Creates dramatic effect through dramatic imagery - Argues through the employment of shock tactics and appeals to fear - Arguments can be less effective if overused or exaggerated - Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Adds depth by expressing emotion - Ease of communication - Makes text more memorable and engaging - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning
30
Inclusive language and exclusive language effect
- Targets or accuses particular groups - creates sense of solidarity - Can encourage a sense of responsibility - Can create an “us” vs “them” mentality
31
Informal language effect
- Creates a conversational mood - Engenders support by establishing a rapport with the audience - Appeals to audiences sense of humour, cultural identity - Can alienate those not part of the group
32
Irony effect
- Can engender support through the use of humour - Can evoke strong emotional responses - Encourages audience to see flimsy logic in a statement or event - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes texts more engaging or memorable
33
Idioms effect
- Clarifying, manipulating, or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority - In-group membership (slang) - Emphasis (strengthens concepts - Typically for humourous or emphatic effect
34
Jargon effect
- In correct context, allows professionals to communicate easily by using familiar words and terms - Often used to confuse or impress - Used to confer authority on the speaker or writer - Can alienate those not part of the group reinforcing social distance - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging and memorable
35
Logic effect
- Appeal to reason rather than emotion lends credibility to the argument - Offers proof and possible solutions - Authors viewpoint supported by facts and common sense
36
Listing effect
- Efficiency of communication - Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Establishes expertise - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority
37
Lexical ambiguity effect
- Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Ease of communication - Adds depth by expressing emotion - Text becomes more engaging, languages is playful
38
Initialism effect
- Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging and memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority - Established expertise - In-group membership (slang)
39
Metaphor effect
- Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Ease of communication - Linguistic innovation - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority
40
Omissions effect
- Seeks to present a particular point of view - Can be either persuasive or offensive
41
Nominalisation effect
- Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority - Establishes expertise
42
Onomatopoeia effect
- Adds emphasis - Makes texts more engaging or memorable - Linguistic innovation (word play) - Entertains audience
43
Non-discriminatory language effect
- Promoting social harmony, negotiating social taboos and building rapport
44
Oxymoron effect
- Emphsis (strengthens concepts) - Ease of communication - Linguistic innovation - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority
45
Pictorial support effect
- Provides audience with visual text, which may aid understanding - Can provide emotional response in reader - Can provide quick factual reference for reader - Statistical presentations can be misleading
46
Pun effect
- Humour used to engage audience - Can be used to create a sense of irony - Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Ease of communication - Adds depth by expressing emotion - Text becomes more engaging, language is playful
47
Parallelism effect
- Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Adds dramatics effect - Create rhythm - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority - Establishes expertise
48
Personification effect
- Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Ease of communication - Linguistic innovation - Adds depth by expressing emotion - text becomes more engaging, languages is playful - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority
49
Parenthesis effect
- Reinforcing social distance and authority - Establising expertise - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning
50
Repetition effect
- Is memorable - Highlights important or main points - Creates a rhythm that can have a hypnotic effect
51
Rhetorical question effect
- Encourages audience to critically consider the issue and perhaps accept the authors answer - Can imply that the answer is obvious and that everyone who disagrees is foolish - Can evoke emotional response
52
Rhythm effect
- Adds emphasis - Makes texts more engaging or memorable - Linguistic innovation (word play) - Entertains audience - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable
53
Rhyme effect
- Adds emphasis - Makes texts more engaging or memorable - Linguistic innovation (word play) - Entertains audience - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable
54
Rhetoric effect
- Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority
55
Sarcasm effect
- Can provide humour to make a point - Provides political commentaryy in an amusing format - Can engender hostility in audience
56
Satire effect
- Provide humour to make a point - Provides political commentary in an amusing format - Can engender hostility in audience
57
Slang effect
- Positive face needs - Builds. Rapport - In-group marker - Linguistic innovation - Ease of communication - Can obfuscate and isolate
58
Sensationalism effect
- Appeals to audiences curiosity, prejudices - Can reinforce stereotypes - Can offend or alienate
59
Subtext effect
- Can send a covert message to the audience - Can be seen as underhanded or manipulative by those who do not agree - Very persuasive if audience is unaware of the subtext
60
Swearing effect
- To intimidate - In-group (slang) - Builds rapport and engages with audience - Emphasis
61
Simile effect
- Emphasis (strengthens concepts) - Ease of communication - Linguistic innovation - Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority
62
Taboo language effect
- In certain context can build in-group membership - More often isolates and offends]
63
Vested interest effect
- View may be biased - Cannot be considered an objective opinion
64
Vocabulary choice effect
- Seeks to support a point of view - Can paint a subject in either a positive or negative light
65
Double speak effect
- Manipulating or obfuscating meaning
66
Colloquial language effect
- Rapport - Lingustic innovation - Closely aligned with slang
67
Animation effect
- Clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating meaning - Makes text more engaging or memorable - Reinforces social distance and authority

English Argument Analysis (3 decks)

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