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Plumbing Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of bacteria break down and purify effluent in the soil?

A

Aerobic bacteria

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2
Q

What is the process of effluent disposal in the field called?

A

Oxidation

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3
Q

How should laterals be installed on sloping ground?

A

Laid across (perpendicular to) the slope

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4
Q

What methods can be used for effluent dispersal?

A
  • Gravity
  • Siphon
  • Pump
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5
Q

When is a siphon chamber needed in effluent disposal?

A

If more than 500 lineal feet of disposal pipe

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6
Q

What is the maximum depth of a trench for effluent disposal?

A

32 inches

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7
Q

How much gravel is recommended under and over field tile?

A
  • 9 inches under field tile
  • 2 inches over field tile
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8
Q

What factors are used to size effluent fields?

A
  • Maximum daily sewage flow
  • Percolation rate
  • Trench width
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9
Q

What is the minimum percolation rate for effluent disposal?

A

1 min/inch

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10
Q

What is the maximum percolation rate for effluent disposal?

A

30 min/inch

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11
Q

What alternatives are used when the percolation rate is too slow?

A
  • Lagoons
  • Built-up absorption fields (‘No-Dak’ mounds)
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12
Q

What is the purpose of a distribution box in effluent disposal?

A

To distribute effluent evenly to multiple laterals

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13
Q

What is the minimum number of laterals required per field?

A

At least 2 laterals

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14
Q

What is the maximum lateral length in effluent disposal?

A

100 feet

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15
Q

What is the recommended siphon chamber fill percentage?

A

65% - 100% of the entire field

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16
Q

What is the minimum distance (c-c) between laterals in BC?

A

6 feet

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17
Q

What is the minimum distance for laterals from property lines or buildings?

A

10 feet

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18
Q

What is the minimum distance from bedrock or water table to trench bottom?

A

2 feet

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19
Q

What type of soil is considered the best for effluent disposal?

A

Sandy loam

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20
Q

What type of soil is considered the worst for effluent disposal?

A

Clay

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21
Q

What is the purpose of siphon discharge in effluent systems?

A

Allows important rest period for field and prevents field freeze-up

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22
Q

How many test holes are needed for effluent disposal analysis?

A

4 test holes

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23
Q

What is the elevation difference required between inlet and outlet on a distribution box?

A

2 inches

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24
Q

What are ‘speed levelers’ used for in effluent disposal?

A

To ensure all inverts are at the same elevation exiting the distribution box

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25
What is the maximum grade for laterals in effluent disposal?
2" per 100 feet
26
What is the minimum trench width at the bottom for effluent disposal?
12 inches
27
What is the maximum trench width for effluent disposal?
36 inches
28
What is the minimum diameter for field tiles used in effluent disposal?
3 inches
29
What is the normal diameter for field tiles used in effluent disposal?
4 inches
30
What is the minimum total length for an effluent field?
150 feet
31
What orifice size is required in pressure distribution piping?
Min 1/8" orifices
32
What is the definition of Percolation Rate ('T')?
Minutes per inch
33
What is 'Biomat' in the context of effluent disposal?
Film of undigested TSS's that forms on walls/bottom of trench
34
What type of piping is normally used in pressure distribution systems?
1" PVC SCH 40
35
What is needed for isolation/balancing in pressurized systems?
Valves
36
What does the Hydraulic loading rate (HLR) depend upon?
Soil analysis
37
What is the role of anaerobic bacteria in septic tanks?
Break down sewage into sludge, scum, and effluent
38
In what type of environment do anaerobic bacteria thrive?
Warm, moist, dark environments devoid of fresh air
39
What is the minimum recommended distance between the invert of the inlet and outlet?
2 inches
40
What is the minimum recommended cover for insulation of a septic tank?
12 inches
41
What is the minimum distance a septic tank should be from a building?
3 feet
42
What are the gases produced during the septic process?
Methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other gases
43
What is another term for the septic process?
Putrefaction
44
How often should a septic tank be pumped on average?
Every 5 years
45
What does the scum layer in a septic tank aid in?
Heat retention
46
What should not be done after pumping a septic tank?
Should never be cleaned
47
By what percentage should the tank size be increased if using a garburator?
50%
48
What is the minimum ratio of width to length to promote 'quiescent' flow?
1:3
49
What is the maximum ratio of width to length for septic tanks?
2:3
50
What is the minimum retention period for sewage treatment in a septic tank?
24 hours
51
What is the minimum required freeboard for the scum layer?
12 inches
52
What is the minimum distance a septic tank should be from a source of domestic water?
50 feet
53
What is the smallest tank allowed in BC?
50 Imp. Gals
54
When is the best time to perform pumpouts?
Spring
55
What is the minimum recommended slope on a 4" building sewer?
1/8 ft
56
How should septic tanks be sized for residential use?
By number of bedrooms in a house
57
How should septic tanks be sized for assembly buildings?
By number of people
58
What materials can septic tanks be made from?
* Concrete * Fiberglass * Plastic
59
What does the effluent filter at the outlet do?
Ensures solids stay in tank
60
What is the maximum opening size allowed in the effluent filter?
1/8 inch
61
What type of bacteria could be present in septic tanks?
Pathogenic (disease-bearing) bacteria
62
What is the maximum expected daily volume for Type 1 septic systems?
22,700 litres
63
What is BOD a measurement of?
Sewage concentration (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
64
What is the BOD limit for Type 2 systems (packaged plants)?
Not more than 45 mg/L BOD5 (5 day)
65
What is the BOD limit for Type 3 systems (packaged plants)?
Not more than 10 mg/L BOD5 (5 day)
66
What does TSS stand for?
Total Suspended Solids

Plumbing (1 decks)

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